-
1 kampflustig
kampflustig, alacer ad pugnandum, im Zshg. auch bl. alacer. – cupidus pugnandi od. pugnae. cupidus bellandi. certaminis avidus (kampfbegierig). – pugnare cupiens (zu kämpfen wünschend). – ad proelia pertinax (auf Kämpfe sich steifend, v. Hahn). – sehr k. sein, mirabili pugnandicupiditate flagrare: jmd. k. machen, alqm alacrem ad pugnandum efficere (von einer Sache, einem Umstand): jmd. noch kampflustiger machen, ardorem pugnae accendere (z.B. per clamorem, v. Pers.); alqm alacriorem ad pugnandum efficere. alci maiorem alacritatem studiumque pugnandi maius inicere (beide v. einer Sache, einem Umstand).
-
2 alacer
ălăcĕr (ălăcris), ălăcris, ălăcre [st2]1 [-] vif, prompt, leste, agile, prêt à, dispos, plein d'entrain, ardent (en parl. du corps et de l'esprit). [st2]2 [-] animé, agité, transporté. [st2]3 [-] joyeux, gai, allègre. - le masc. alacris est rare: Enn. Tr. 111; Ter. Eun. 304; Virg. En. 5, 380; 6, 685; alacer fém. dans Apul. M. 10, 31 [cf. Serv. En. 6, 685] -- pas de superlatif. - ad bella suscipienda Gallorum alacer ac promptus est animus, Caes. BG. 3, 39: les Gaulois sont ardents et prompts à entreprendre la guerre. - milites alacriores ad pugnandum, Caes. BG. 3, 24: soldats plus ardents à combattre. - quanto ejus amplius processerat temporis, tanto erant alacriores ad custodias, qui classibus praeerant, Caes. BC. 3, 25: plus il s'était écoulé de temps, plus les commandants des flottes avaient de l'entrain pour (placer) des sentinelles (= pour surveiller). - alacer gaudio, Phaedr.: transporté de joie. - Pausanias alacrior ad rem gerendam factus in suspicionem cecidit Lacedaemoniorum, Nep. Paus. 2: Pausanias, s'étant donné tout entier à l'entreprise, fut l'objet des soupçons des Lacédémoniens.* * *ălăcĕr (ălăcris), ălăcris, ălăcre [st2]1 [-] vif, prompt, leste, agile, prêt à, dispos, plein d'entrain, ardent (en parl. du corps et de l'esprit). [st2]2 [-] animé, agité, transporté. [st2]3 [-] joyeux, gai, allègre. - le masc. alacris est rare: Enn. Tr. 111; Ter. Eun. 304; Virg. En. 5, 380; 6, 685; alacer fém. dans Apul. M. 10, 31 [cf. Serv. En. 6, 685] -- pas de superlatif. - ad bella suscipienda Gallorum alacer ac promptus est animus, Caes. BG. 3, 39: les Gaulois sont ardents et prompts à entreprendre la guerre. - milites alacriores ad pugnandum, Caes. BG. 3, 24: soldats plus ardents à combattre. - quanto ejus amplius processerat temporis, tanto erant alacriores ad custodias, qui classibus praeerant, Caes. BC. 3, 25: plus il s'était écoulé de temps, plus les commandants des flottes avaient de l'entrain pour (placer) des sentinelles (= pour surveiller). - alacer gaudio, Phaedr.: transporté de joie. - Pausanias alacrior ad rem gerendam factus in suspicionem cecidit Lacedaemoniorum, Nep. Paus. 2: Pausanias, s'étant donné tout entier à l'entreprise, fut l'objet des soupçons des Lacédémoniens.* * *Alacer, pen. corr. alacris, et hoc alacre: vel hic et haec alacris et hoc alacre. Alaigre, Gay, et bien deliberé à quelque chose, contraire à celuy qui est d'une facon triste, et qui fait quelque chose à regret.\Alacer animo sum. Cic. J'ay le courage bien deliberé.\Alacer animus ad bellum suscipiendum. Caesar. Prompt et disposé. -
3 ludo
lūdo, ĕre, lūsi, lūsum - intr. et tr. - - arch. inf. passif ludier, Ter. - intr. - [st1]1 [-] jouer. - tesseris ludere, Ter. Ad. 739: jouer aux dés. - aleā ludere, Cic. Phil. 2, 56: jouer aux jeux de hasard. - pilā ludere, Cic. de Or. 1, 73: jouer à la paume. - ludis circensibus elephanti luserunt, Liv. 46, 18, 8: des éléphants figurèrent aux jeux du cirque. - avec acc. de l'objet interne consimilem ludum ludere, Ter. Eun. 586: jouer le même jeu. - aleam ludere, Suet. Aug. 70: jouer aux jeux de hasard. - proelia latronum ludere, Ov. A. A. 3, 357: jouer aux échecs. [st1]2 [-] folâtrer, s'amuser, s'ébattre. - ad ludendumne an ad pugnandum? Cic. de Or. 2, 84: pour jouer ou pour se battre? - severe ludere, Cic. de Or. 2, 269: plaisanter avec sérieux. - alicujus persona ludere, Cic. de Or. 3, 171: plaisanter sous le masque de qqn, sous le couvert de qqn (= en faisant parler qqn). - armis ludere, Lucr. 2, 631: s'amuser à des combats en armes. - versibus ludere, Virg. G. 2, 386: s'amuser à faire des vers. - in numerum ludere, Virg. B. 6, 28: s'ébattre en cadence, danser en cadence. - ludere, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 214; Catul. 61, 207; Suet. Tib. 44: folâtrer, se livrer aux ébats amoureux. - tr. - [st1]3 [-] employer à s'amuser. - otium ludere, Mart. 3, 67: passer agréablement ses loisirs. [st1]4 [-] s'amuser à, faire en s'amusant. - causam ludere, Cic. de Or. 2, 222: présenter une cause avec agrément, en badinant. - carmina pastorum ludere, Virg. G. 4, 565: reproduire en s'amusant les chansons des bergers. - civem bonum ludere, Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1: jouer de façon comique le rôle de bon citoyen. - cf. Apul. M. 9, 11, 8 [st1]5 [-] se jouer de, se moquer de, tourner en ridicule. - aliquem ludere, Cic. Q. 2, 12, 2: plaisanter qqn, s'égayer sur le compte de qqn. - cf. Cic. Fin. 2, 2. - ea facillime luduntur qua, Cic. de Or. 2, 238: les objets qui se prêtent le plus à la plaisanterie sont ceux qui. - ludere + prop. inf.: dire en se moquant que. - Cic. Q. 2, 15 a, 3. [st1]6 [-] se jouer de, duper, abuser. - Hor, O. 3, 4, 5; Tib. 1, 6, 9, etc.* * *lūdo, ĕre, lūsi, lūsum - intr. et tr. - - arch. inf. passif ludier, Ter. - intr. - [st1]1 [-] jouer. - tesseris ludere, Ter. Ad. 739: jouer aux dés. - aleā ludere, Cic. Phil. 2, 56: jouer aux jeux de hasard. - pilā ludere, Cic. de Or. 1, 73: jouer à la paume. - ludis circensibus elephanti luserunt, Liv. 46, 18, 8: des éléphants figurèrent aux jeux du cirque. - avec acc. de l'objet interne consimilem ludum ludere, Ter. Eun. 586: jouer le même jeu. - aleam ludere, Suet. Aug. 70: jouer aux jeux de hasard. - proelia latronum ludere, Ov. A. A. 3, 357: jouer aux échecs. [st1]2 [-] folâtrer, s'amuser, s'ébattre. - ad ludendumne an ad pugnandum? Cic. de Or. 2, 84: pour jouer ou pour se battre? - severe ludere, Cic. de Or. 2, 269: plaisanter avec sérieux. - alicujus persona ludere, Cic. de Or. 3, 171: plaisanter sous le masque de qqn, sous le couvert de qqn (= en faisant parler qqn). - armis ludere, Lucr. 2, 631: s'amuser à des combats en armes. - versibus ludere, Virg. G. 2, 386: s'amuser à faire des vers. - in numerum ludere, Virg. B. 6, 28: s'ébattre en cadence, danser en cadence. - ludere, Hor. Ep. 2, 2, 214; Catul. 61, 207; Suet. Tib. 44: folâtrer, se livrer aux ébats amoureux. - tr. - [st1]3 [-] employer à s'amuser. - otium ludere, Mart. 3, 67: passer agréablement ses loisirs. [st1]4 [-] s'amuser à, faire en s'amusant. - causam ludere, Cic. de Or. 2, 222: présenter une cause avec agrément, en badinant. - carmina pastorum ludere, Virg. G. 4, 565: reproduire en s'amusant les chansons des bergers. - civem bonum ludere, Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1: jouer de façon comique le rôle de bon citoyen. - cf. Apul. M. 9, 11, 8 [st1]5 [-] se jouer de, se moquer de, tourner en ridicule. - aliquem ludere, Cic. Q. 2, 12, 2: plaisanter qqn, s'égayer sur le compte de qqn. - cf. Cic. Fin. 2, 2. - ea facillime luduntur qua, Cic. de Or. 2, 238: les objets qui se prêtent le plus à la plaisanterie sont ceux qui. - ludere + prop. inf.: dire en se moquant que. - Cic. Q. 2, 15 a, 3. [st1]6 [-] se jouer de, duper, abuser. - Hor, O. 3, 4, 5; Tib. 1, 6, 9, etc.* * *Ludo, ludis, lusi, lusum, ludere. Plaut. Jouer.\Ludere operam. Plaut. Perdre sa peine.\Ludere otium. Martial. Passer le temps.\Ludere par impar. Horat. Jouer à per ou non.\Ludere in numerum. Virgil. Danser de mesure.\Ludere. Terent. Se mocquer.\Cur non ludo hunc aliquantisper? Terent. Que ne me mocque je ou gaudis de cestuy? Que ne luy en baille je tout du long?\Ludere me putas, serio peto. Plin. iunior. Tu penses que je me mocque, etc.\Ludere sanguine hominis in conuiuio. Liu. Prendre son esbatement à tuer un homme.\Ludere. Virgil. Cic. Decevoir et tromper aucun.\Imaginibus falsis ludere aliquem. Virgil. Decevoir par illusions.\Ludere. Virgil. Escrire par vers des epigrammes, ou autres petits oeuvres. -
4 potior
[st1]1 [-] pŏtiŏr, ĭus, ōris (compar. de potis): - [abcl][b]a - meilleur, préférable. - [abcl]b - de plus de prix, supérieur.[/b] - potius quam: plutôt que. - vel potius: ou plutôt. - oderat illum potius quam amabat: il le haïssait plutôt qu'il ne l'aimait. - depugna potius quam servias: combats à mort plutôt que d'être esclave. - nihil mihi potius fuit quam ut...: [rien ne me parut meilleur que de...] = je n'eus rien de plus à coeur que de... - qui perpessus est omnia potius quam conscios delendae tyrannidis indicaret, Cic. Tusc. 2, 52: qui endura tout plutôt que de dénoncer les complices de la perte du tyran. - potius quam + inf. (quand cet infinitif est en relation avec un infinitif). - decet pugnare potius quam servire: il convient de lutter plutôt que d'être esclave. - Italiae totius auctoritatem sequi potius quam unius hominis voluntati obtemperare, Caes. BC. 1, 36: suivre l'exemple de toute l'Italie plutôt que de déférer à la volonté d'un seul. - potius quam + adjectif verbal (quand cet adjectif verbal est en relation avec un adjectif verbal). - pugnandum est potius quam serviendum: il faut lutter plutôt que d'être esclave. - illi in tanto malo turpis vita integrâ famâ potior fuit, Sall. J. 67, 3: dans un si grand malheur il préféra une vie déshonorante à une réputation intègre. - hostibus portas potius quam regibus patefacere, Liv. 2, 15: ouvrir les portes à l'ennemi plutôt qu'aux rois. - pugnando potius quam adhortando accendamus militum animos, Liv. 2, 46: excitons l'ardeur des soldats en combattant et non en faisant des discours. - se miliens morituros potius quam ut tantum dedecoris admitti patiantur, Liv. 4, 2: puissent-ils subir mille fois la mort plutôt que d'admettre une si grande humiliation! [st1]2 [-] pŏtiŏr, īri, ītus sum: - intr. avec gén. ou abl. - [abcl][b]a - se rendre maître de, s'emparer de, conquérir. - [abcl]b - tenir, posséder, avoir, jouir de.[/b] - potiri (rerum): s’emparer du pouvoir, être maître du pouvoir. - potior urbe: je m’empare de la ville.* * *[st1]1 [-] pŏtiŏr, ĭus, ōris (compar. de potis): - [abcl][b]a - meilleur, préférable. - [abcl]b - de plus de prix, supérieur.[/b] - potius quam: plutôt que. - vel potius: ou plutôt. - oderat illum potius quam amabat: il le haïssait plutôt qu'il ne l'aimait. - depugna potius quam servias: combats à mort plutôt que d'être esclave. - nihil mihi potius fuit quam ut...: [rien ne me parut meilleur que de...] = je n'eus rien de plus à coeur que de... - qui perpessus est omnia potius quam conscios delendae tyrannidis indicaret, Cic. Tusc. 2, 52: qui endura tout plutôt que de dénoncer les complices de la perte du tyran. - potius quam + inf. (quand cet infinitif est en relation avec un infinitif). - decet pugnare potius quam servire: il convient de lutter plutôt que d'être esclave. - Italiae totius auctoritatem sequi potius quam unius hominis voluntati obtemperare, Caes. BC. 1, 36: suivre l'exemple de toute l'Italie plutôt que de déférer à la volonté d'un seul. - potius quam + adjectif verbal (quand cet adjectif verbal est en relation avec un adjectif verbal). - pugnandum est potius quam serviendum: il faut lutter plutôt que d'être esclave. - illi in tanto malo turpis vita integrâ famâ potior fuit, Sall. J. 67, 3: dans un si grand malheur il préféra une vie déshonorante à une réputation intègre. - hostibus portas potius quam regibus patefacere, Liv. 2, 15: ouvrir les portes à l'ennemi plutôt qu'aux rois. - pugnando potius quam adhortando accendamus militum animos, Liv. 2, 46: excitons l'ardeur des soldats en combattant et non en faisant des discours. - se miliens morituros potius quam ut tantum dedecoris admitti patiantur, Liv. 4, 2: puissent-ils subir mille fois la mort plutôt que d'admettre une si grande humiliation! [st1]2 [-] pŏtiŏr, īri, ītus sum: - intr. avec gén. ou abl. - [abcl][b]a - se rendre maître de, s'emparer de, conquérir. - [abcl]b - tenir, posséder, avoir, jouir de.[/b] - potiri (rerum): s’emparer du pouvoir, être maître du pouvoir. - potior urbe: je m’empare de la ville.* * *Potior, potiris, pen. prod. potitus sum vel fui, potiri, a Potis deducitur. Venir au dessus de quelque chose, En estre rendu et faict jouissant. Apud poetas in quibusdam personis interdum inuenitur tertiae coniugationis. Virgil.\Genitiuo aliquando iungitur: vt Potiri hostium. Plau. Estre victorieux de ses ennemis. C'est aussi tomber entre les mains de ses ennemis, et estre prins par eulx.\Cui fatum foret vrbis potiri. Sallust. Se faire seigneur.\Potiri voluptatum. Cic. Avoir la jouissance de ses plaisirs.\Potiri rerum. Cic. Estre Roy et maistre sur touts, Se faire seigneur sur une nation, Avoir le gouvernement de tout.\Accusatiuo. Plautus, Fortiter malum qui patitur, idem post potitur bonum. Il ha du bien apres avoir enduré du mal.\Laborem potiri. Plaut. Endurer du mal.\Miseriam omnem capio, hic potitur gaudia. Terent. j'ay tout le mal, et cestuy tout le bien et le plaisir.\Ablatiuo. Cicero, Qui bello potiti sunt. Qui ont gaigné quelque chose à la poincte de l'espee.\Praesentibus ita potitur, vt animaduertat quanta sint ea, quamque iucunda. Cic. Il jouist du bien present en telle sorte que, etc.\Auso potiri. Virgil. Venir à chef d'une hardie entreprinse.\Optatis potitur. Valer. Flac. Il jouist de ses desirs.\Vellere Graio vi potitur. Valer. Flac. Il conquist par force la toison d'or. -
5 tanquam
tamquam (tanquam), adv. et conj. [st2]1 [-] comme, de même que, autant que. [st2]2 [-] avec subj. comme si. [st2]3 [-] pour ainsi dire, comme qui dirait. [st2]4 [-] comme, par exemple. [st2]5 [-] avec part. fut. Tac. dans la pensée de, avec l'intention de. - voir la grammaire - ex vita ita discedere tamquam ex hospitio, non tamquam e domo, Cic. Sen. 23, 84: quitter la vie comme on quitte un lieu de refuge et non comme on quitte sa maison. - in aliena castra transire, non tamquam transfuga, sed tamquam explorator, Sen. Ep. 1, 2: mettre le pied dans le camp ennemi, non comme transfuge, mais comme éclaireur. - tamquam... sic (ita)...: de même que... de même... - pugnandum (est) tamquam contra morbum sic contra senectutem, Cic. Sen. 36: il faut lutter contre la vieillesse tout comme on doit le faire contre la maladie. - tamquam (si) + subj.: comme si. - tamquam nesciamus, Cic.: comme si nous ignorions. - quae ad vulnus curandum sedulo comparat, tamquam spes subesset, Liv. 1, 41: elle prépare avec empressement ce qu'il faut pour soigner la blessure, comme s'il restait quelque espoir. - tamquam clausa sit Asia, Cic. Fam. 12, 9, 1: comme si l'Asie était fermée. - tanquam nihil facti, Petr.: comme si de rien n'était. - invitus ea tamquam volnera attingo, Liv.: c'est malgré moi que je touche à ces sortes de blessures. - oratori populi aures tamquam tibiae sunt, Cic. Brut.: la flûte de l'orateur, c'est pour ainsi dire l'oreille du public. - dare tamquam ansas ad reprehendendum, Cic. Lael. 59: donner pour ainsi dire des anses aux reproches, prêter le flanc à la critique. - verum amicum qui intuetur, tamquam exemplar aliquod intuetur sui, Cic. Lael. 23: qui considère un ami véritable voit en quelque sorte une image fidèle de son propre moi. - tamquam tormentorum patientia et in morbo graui temperantia... Sen. Ep. 66, 5: par exemple (comme) la patience dans les tourments, l'égalité d'âme dans la maladie. - tamquam secuturus scripsit Herennio Gallo ut arceret transitu Batavos, Tac. Hist. 4, 19: comme s'il avait l'intention de poursuivre, il écrivit à Hérennius Gallus de fermer le passage aux Bataves. - tamquam lecturus ex commodo, Sen. Ep. 5: voulant lire à mon aise.* * *tamquam (tanquam), adv. et conj. [st2]1 [-] comme, de même que, autant que. [st2]2 [-] avec subj. comme si. [st2]3 [-] pour ainsi dire, comme qui dirait. [st2]4 [-] comme, par exemple. [st2]5 [-] avec part. fut. Tac. dans la pensée de, avec l'intention de. - voir la grammaire - ex vita ita discedere tamquam ex hospitio, non tamquam e domo, Cic. Sen. 23, 84: quitter la vie comme on quitte un lieu de refuge et non comme on quitte sa maison. - in aliena castra transire, non tamquam transfuga, sed tamquam explorator, Sen. Ep. 1, 2: mettre le pied dans le camp ennemi, non comme transfuge, mais comme éclaireur. - tamquam... sic (ita)...: de même que... de même... - pugnandum (est) tamquam contra morbum sic contra senectutem, Cic. Sen. 36: il faut lutter contre la vieillesse tout comme on doit le faire contre la maladie. - tamquam (si) + subj.: comme si. - tamquam nesciamus, Cic.: comme si nous ignorions. - quae ad vulnus curandum sedulo comparat, tamquam spes subesset, Liv. 1, 41: elle prépare avec empressement ce qu'il faut pour soigner la blessure, comme s'il restait quelque espoir. - tamquam clausa sit Asia, Cic. Fam. 12, 9, 1: comme si l'Asie était fermée. - tanquam nihil facti, Petr.: comme si de rien n'était. - invitus ea tamquam volnera attingo, Liv.: c'est malgré moi que je touche à ces sortes de blessures. - oratori populi aures tamquam tibiae sunt, Cic. Brut.: la flûte de l'orateur, c'est pour ainsi dire l'oreille du public. - dare tamquam ansas ad reprehendendum, Cic. Lael. 59: donner pour ainsi dire des anses aux reproches, prêter le flanc à la critique. - verum amicum qui intuetur, tamquam exemplar aliquod intuetur sui, Cic. Lael. 23: qui considère un ami véritable voit en quelque sorte une image fidèle de son propre moi. - tamquam tormentorum patientia et in morbo graui temperantia... Sen. Ep. 66, 5: par exemple (comme) la patience dans les tourments, l'égalité d'âme dans la maladie. - tamquam secuturus scripsit Herennio Gallo ut arceret transitu Batavos, Tac. Hist. 4, 19: comme s'il avait l'intention de poursuivre, il écrivit à Hérennius Gallus de fermer le passage aux Bataves. - tamquam lecturus ex commodo, Sen. Ep. 5: voulant lire à mon aise.* * *Tanquam, Similitudinis aduerbium. Comme.\Tanquam, pro Vt vel sicut, indicatiuum postulat. Terent. Tanquam philosophorum habent disciplinae ex ipsis Vocabula. Ainsi que.\Tanquam est locus quoquouersus C. pedum. Plin. Comme si le lieu avoit cent pieds de touts costez.\Tanquam cum Sic, pro Quemadmodum. Cicero, Tanquam si clausa sit Asia, sic nihil perfectur ad nos praeter rumores de oppresso Dolabella. Tout ainsi que si l'Asie estoit fermee, on ne nous escrit nulles nouvelles, On ne nous escrit non plus que si l'Asie estoit fermee. -
6 timeo
tĭmĕo, ēre, tĭmŭi - tr. et intr. - [st2]1 [-] craindre, avoir peur, redouter, appréhender, ne pas oser, être dans la crainte. [st2]2 [-] avec ut ou une sub. interr. - se demander avec crainte. - timere ne: craindre que... ne. - timere ne non: craindre que ne pas. - timeo ne veniat: je crains qu'il ne vienne. - timeo ne non veniat: je crains qu'il ne vienne pas. - timere aliquid ab aliquo: craindre qqch de la part de qqn. - timere aliquem: craindre qqn. - timere alicui, alicui rei: craindre pour qqn, pour qqch. - Urbi timetur, Luc, 7, 138: on craint pour Rome. - timere de aliquo: craindre pour qqn. - de se nihil timere, Cic. Sest. 1.1: ne rien craindre pour soi. - pro me nihil timere, Sen. Q. N. 4, praef. § 15: ne rien craindre pour moi. - timere + inf.: hésiter à. - Caesar timebat tantae magnitudinis flumini exercitum objicere, Caes. BC. 1, 64, 3: César hésitait à exposer son armée à un fleuve d'une telle largeur. - ab aliquo timere: [éprouver de la crainte provenant de qqn] = redouter qqn. - timere + sub. inf. - neutris animus est ad pugnandum, diversique abissent, ni cedenti instaturum alterum timuissent, Liv. 10: ni l'une ni l'autre (des deux armées) n'avait le coeur à combattre, et elles seraient parties en sens opposés si elles n'avaient craint que celle qui céderait ne fût poursuivie par l'autre. - timere + une subordonnée interrogative: se demander avec crainte. - haec quo sint eruptura timeo, Cic. Att. 2, 20, 5: je me demande avec crainte ce qu'il en sortira. - misera timeo, quid hoc sit negotii, Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 79: malheureuse, je me demande avec crainte de quoi il s'agit. - timeo quidnam eloqui possim, Cic.: je me demande avec crainte ce que je pourrais bien dire. - timere ut: se demander avec crainte comment..., craindre que... ne... pas... - rem frumentariam ut supportari posset timebant: ils se demandaient avec appréhension comment le ravitaillement en blé pourrait être apporté. - rem frumentariam, ut satis commode supportari posset, timere dicebant, Caes. B. G. 1, 39: ils craignaient, disaient-ils, que le ravitaillement en blé ne pût se faire dans d’assez bonnes conditions.* * *tĭmĕo, ēre, tĭmŭi - tr. et intr. - [st2]1 [-] craindre, avoir peur, redouter, appréhender, ne pas oser, être dans la crainte. [st2]2 [-] avec ut ou une sub. interr. - se demander avec crainte. - timere ne: craindre que... ne. - timere ne non: craindre que ne pas. - timeo ne veniat: je crains qu'il ne vienne. - timeo ne non veniat: je crains qu'il ne vienne pas. - timere aliquid ab aliquo: craindre qqch de la part de qqn. - timere aliquem: craindre qqn. - timere alicui, alicui rei: craindre pour qqn, pour qqch. - Urbi timetur, Luc, 7, 138: on craint pour Rome. - timere de aliquo: craindre pour qqn. - de se nihil timere, Cic. Sest. 1.1: ne rien craindre pour soi. - pro me nihil timere, Sen. Q. N. 4, praef. § 15: ne rien craindre pour moi. - timere + inf.: hésiter à. - Caesar timebat tantae magnitudinis flumini exercitum objicere, Caes. BC. 1, 64, 3: César hésitait à exposer son armée à un fleuve d'une telle largeur. - ab aliquo timere: [éprouver de la crainte provenant de qqn] = redouter qqn. - timere + sub. inf. - neutris animus est ad pugnandum, diversique abissent, ni cedenti instaturum alterum timuissent, Liv. 10: ni l'une ni l'autre (des deux armées) n'avait le coeur à combattre, et elles seraient parties en sens opposés si elles n'avaient craint que celle qui céderait ne fût poursuivie par l'autre. - timere + une subordonnée interrogative: se demander avec crainte. - haec quo sint eruptura timeo, Cic. Att. 2, 20, 5: je me demande avec crainte ce qu'il en sortira. - misera timeo, quid hoc sit negotii, Plaut. Poen. 5, 4, 79: malheureuse, je me demande avec crainte de quoi il s'agit. - timeo quidnam eloqui possim, Cic.: je me demande avec crainte ce que je pourrais bien dire. - timere ut: se demander avec crainte comment..., craindre que... ne... pas... - rem frumentariam ut supportari posset timebant: ils se demandaient avec appréhension comment le ravitaillement en blé pourrait être apporté. - rem frumentariam, ut satis commode supportari posset, timere dicebant, Caes. B. G. 1, 39: ils craignaient, disaient-ils, que le ravitaillement en blé ne pût se faire dans d’assez bonnes conditions.* * *Timeo, times, timui, timere. Terent. Craindre, Cremir.\Timere casum. Martial. Avoir peur de cheoir, Craindre la cheute.\Timeo tibi. Terentius. Je crains que mal ne t'advienne.\Timeo mihi abs te. Cic. Je crains que tu ne me face mal.\Timeo furem tauro. Iuuenal. Je crains que le larron ne desrobbe le toreau.\Nec timui de morte. Ouid. Je n'ay point eu peur qu'elle se tuast.\De Repub. valde timeo. Cic. Je crains fort que la Republique n'ait aucun mal, ou Je crains fort quant à la Repub.\Timeo ne non impetrem. Cic. Je crains que je ne l'impetre.\Timeo quid siet. Plaut. Je crains que ce peult estre.\Timeo miser, quam hic mihi nunc rem nuntiet. Terent. Je crains de ce qu'il me veult dire, ou Je crains qu'il ne me die quelque mauvaise chose.\Timeo quidnam pro magnitudine rerum, dignum eloqui possim. Cic. Je suis en doubte et incertain.\Nunc istic quid agatur, magnopere timeo. Cicero. Je suis en grande doubte et esmoy que c'est qu'on faict ici.\Timeo vt sustineas. Cicero. je crains que tu ne puisses porter et soustenir. -
7 contra
contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.I.Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).A.Local.1.Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.a.With verb of being or position expressed or understood.(α).Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):(β).feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,
id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,
Liv. 1, 18, 8:stat contra starique jubet,
Juv. 3, 290:stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!
Mart. 1, 55, 12:ulmus erat contra,
in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:templa vides contra,
in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:contra conserta manu,
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):b.contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,
Manil. 2, 253:posita contra Hispania,
Tac. Agr. 11:promuntorium quod contra procedit,
Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,
face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),
side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.(α).Referring to persons:(β).accede ad me atque adi contra,
come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,
Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:contra adspicere,
id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:contra intueri,
Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:cum veniret contra Marcianus,
Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—Of things:2.hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,
Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,
Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,(α).In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:(β).aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,
at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—In post-Aug. prose (very rare):3.at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.(α).In gen.:(β).te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,
id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,
make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:audi nunc contra jam,
listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,
you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,
Liv. 1, 28, 1:contra ut me diligat illa,
Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:cui latrans contra senex,
Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,
Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:contra talia reddit,
Claud. B. Gild. 379.—With dat. pers.:(γ).consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:facere contra huic aegre,
Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:hiscine contra insidiabere?
id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:tibi contra gratiam Referre,
id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—With item:(δ).item a me contra factum est,
Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,
id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;(ε).Consonat terra,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:confer gradum Contra pariter,
id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,
id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!
Cat. 62, 6.—Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:B.si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,
what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,
to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:agedum pauca accipe contra,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,
Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,
Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?
id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.1.Of physical exertion.(α).Lit.:(β).concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,
struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,
bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:at ille contra nititur,
resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,
rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—Trop.:2.te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,
Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—Of mental exertion:3.si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,
arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:siti contra... pugnandum,
Cels. 4, 2 fin. —Of hostile opposition in gen.(α).Lit.:(β).quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,
who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,
something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—Trop.:4.aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,
Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—Of warfare.(α).Lit.:(β).ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,
Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:quid quod exercitum contra duxit?
Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,
if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,
Liv. 7, 39, 17:cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,
would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,
Tac. A. 11, 10.—Trop.:5.quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,
Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—Of legal contests.(α).With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—(β).Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:(γ).quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?
if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—On the part of the adversary:(δ).inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,
Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:6.ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,
given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—Of literary opposition.(α).Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—(β).With other verbs:7.astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,
Lucr. 5, 728:contra nunc illud pone, etc.,
Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,
some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—Of public and political opposition.(α).With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—(β).With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:8.nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,
no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:honores contra petere,
Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,
Tac. A. 14, 45.—Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:9.si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,
and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).a.Absol.(α).Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:(β).cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,
would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,
id. Caecin. 33, 97:dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,
id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,
Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—To make charges against (rare):(γ).si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,
Cic. Clu. 48, 134:qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,
id. Quint. 29, 88; so,contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,
id. Fl. 21, 51.—In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:(δ).fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,contra disputare and contra scribere,
id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,
Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,
to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:(ε). (ζ).quam palam principes dixerunt contra!
protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,
Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,
the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:contradicente nullo,
Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—Abl. absol. impers.:b.explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,
whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:c.ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,
Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,
id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,
id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),
refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,
or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,
the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).(α).To oppose a person by speaking against his views:(β).solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,
to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:tibi,
Suet. Aug. 54:Curioni...,
id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,
my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:(γ).cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,
opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:(δ).patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,
the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,
Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—With dat. of the petition:(ε).preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,
which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—To contest the validity of a law (rare):(ζ).quibus (legibus) contradici potest,
Quint. 7, 7, 4.—To contradict an assertion (very rare):d.pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,
Quint. 5, 10, 13.—With quin, to object:C.praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,
there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;D.but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,
Quint. 7, 3, 14:cum verba (legis) contra sint,
id. 7, 1, 49:sed experimentum contra fuit,
unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:ubi fortuna contra fuit,
id. ib. 3, 18:si fortuna contra daret,
should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.Of logical opposition, with negative force.1.Of a direct contrast.a.Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:b.quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,
but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:in stultitia contra est,
with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),
id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:quod contra est,
Sall. J. 85, 21:quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:contra fore si, etc.,
ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),
ib. 41, 3, 49:ego contra puto (i. e. esse),
Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:c.utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,
of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),
id. Att. 10, 8, 2:contra evenit in iis morbis,
Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:ego contra sentio,
Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:Proculus contra (sc. sentit),
ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:licet Celsus contra scribat,
ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,
interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin. —Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.(α).To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:(β).nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,
Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;quod contra, id turpe,
id. Off. 1, 27, 94:sit sapienter usus aut contra,
Quint. 2, 5, 15:lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),
Col. 11, 3, 25.—To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:(γ).ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,
improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,
id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—To a verbal predicate:(δ).an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),
Dig. 34, 5, 19.—To a subject infinitive:(ε).laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,
praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:(ζ).quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,
those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;mihi contra,
id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—To an attributive genitive:2.Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),
Sall. J. 88, 2:verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),
Quint. 2, 4, 21:alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,
the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,
Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.a.With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;b.Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,
Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:quae etiam contra valent,
i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—Belonging to the same predicate:E.ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,
Cic. Or. 36, 123:cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,
Dig. 35, 2, 48:in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,
Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,
id. 1, 5, 68:ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,
but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,
Cic. Or. 42, 143:qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,
or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).1.In independent clauses.a.Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:b.ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,
Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?
Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,
Just. 13, 1, 7.—Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;2.contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,
Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,
Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,
Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—In opposition to a dependent clause:3.ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,
Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,
Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:at contra,
Lucr. 2, 392.—With co-ordinate conjunctions.a.Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.(α).With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:(β).malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,
id. ib. 2, 7, 23:cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,
Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,
Quint. 10, 2, 22.—With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:(γ).audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,
Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,
id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:(δ).atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!
Cic. Balb. 22, 51:domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,
Dig. 13, 7, 21:equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,
Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:b.in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,
Cic. Sull. 7, 21:nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,
id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,et contra,
Suet. Tit. 7.—With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).(α).At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;(β).At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,
Lucr. 2, 400:cogunt,
id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,
Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):(γ).non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,
Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,
Liv. 45, 18, 1:tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,
Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,
Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—Contra autem (rare;(δ).in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,
Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,
Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—Contra vero (very rare;(ε).not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,
Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin. —Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—c.With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).(α).Aut contra:(β).num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?
Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,
Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—Vel contra:(γ).hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?
Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—Seu contra:d.seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,
Prop. 1, 11, 25.—With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;4.never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,
Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,(α).In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):(β).aliis vero econtra videtur,
Hier. Ep. 12.—Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):5.honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—With emphatic particles.a.Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);b.not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,
Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—Immo contra (post-Aug.).(α).= no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:(β).existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,
Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—= sed contra, but on the contrary:c.proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,
Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:immo contra ea,
Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):F.quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.1.Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.(α).With atque:(β).item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,
Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—With ac:(γ).itaque contra est ac dicitis,
Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,
id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,
id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,
Sall. C. 60, 5.—With ac and atque:(δ).si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,
Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—With quam (post-Aug.):2.cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,
Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:contra quam licet,
id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:II.mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,
contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,
contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:contra quam ista causa postulasset,
id. Caecin. 24, 67:contra quam sanctum legibus est,
Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,
Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).A.Local uses.1.Opposite, over against, facing.a.Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;b.adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,
id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,
Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:Carthago Italiam contra,
Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,
Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—Of the heavenly bodies:c.donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,
Lucr. 5, 708:contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,
Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,
Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:contra mediam faciem meridies erit,
id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—Of opposite ends of a line.(α).Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—(β).Of a line drawn:d.contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,
opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—Of buildings, etc.:e.contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,
Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:(statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,
Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,
Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—Of places on the human body:2.id quod contra stomachum est,
Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,
Cels. 4, 1 fin. —Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:a.adversus, ad, e regione,
Caes. B. G. 7, 61).In gen.:b.quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,
Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?
Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:rex constiterat contra pedites,
Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:ne contra septentrionem paveris,
Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:contra solem varie refulgens,
placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,
id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):c.(Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,
towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,
Dig. 48, 8, 4.—Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—d.Against an opposing action, etc.:e.contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,
Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,
Vitr. 1, 6, 8:ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,
Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,
id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,
id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,
Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:contra stimulum calces,
kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—Of local actions with hostile intent.(α).Lit.:(β).quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?
Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),
id. Att. 15, 20, 3:pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,
to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,
id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,
Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,
i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—Trop.:f.castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,
will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:(Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,
when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—In partic.(α).Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:(β).quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,
Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:contra populi studium,
Cic. Brut. 34, 126:contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,
id. ib. 79, 273; so,a mendacio contra veritatem,
id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:contra cives in acie,
id. Att. 16, 11, 2:et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,
opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,
Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin. —Contra aliquem ire:3.aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,
Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:uti contra injurias armati eatis,
Sall. J. 31, 6:interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,
Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—Transf.,a.To persons placed together for comparison:b.C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,
Quint. 10, 1, 114:CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,
Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.(α).Lit. (very rare):(β).quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—Prop.:c.cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,
Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,
Sen. Ep. 9, 9:numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,
Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,
id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,
as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:(illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,
Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?
Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,
id. ib. 13, 2;so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,
Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):d.numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,
superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,
Petr. 7, 6.—Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:B.contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 29:contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,
Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:quae contra breviter fata est vates,
Verg. A. 6, 398:contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,
Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).Denoting hostility or disadvantage.1.With verbs of hostile action.a.Of physical exertion:b.pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,
Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,
id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.c.bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),
Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:contra Antonium,
Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,contra patriam,
id. Sull. 20, 58:pugnare contra patriam,
id. ib. 25, 70:contra conjuges et liberos,
Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:armatum esse contra populum Romanum,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:armis contendere contra,
Caes. B. G. 2, 13:arma alicui dare (trop.),
Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:aciem instruere (trop.),
Liv. 25, 4, 4:exercitum comparare,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:exercitum instruere,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:exercitum ducere and adducere,
id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:exercitum contra Philippum mittere,
id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:naves ducere contra,
Hor. Epod. 4, 19:ducere contra hostes,
Liv. 1, 27, 4:florem Italiae educere contra,
Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:proficisci contra,
to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,
Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:juvare aliquem contra,
Caes. B. C. 1, 35:consilium inire contra Sequanos,
to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).(α).In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:(β).cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,
Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:(causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,
Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,
Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:esse contra,
id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,
Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:causam defendere contra,
against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),
to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:actio competit contra,
Dig. 49, 14, 41:querelam instituere contra,
ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:bonorum possessionem petere contra,
ib. 5, 2, 23:jus obtinere contra,
Cic. Quint. 9, 34:pugnare contra,
to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:id quod mihi contra illos datum est,
i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:judicare contra aliquem,
id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:pronuntiare contra,
Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:decernere contra,
Cic. Fl. 31, 76:appellare contra aliquem,
Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:contra sententiam,
Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,
Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:(γ).quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?
Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:contra rem suam me venisse questus est,
Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:d.ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,
Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,
id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,causam dicere,
id. Or. 2, 23, 98:causam perorare,
id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,
id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:si Gaditani contra me dicerent,
if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:testimonium in aliquem dicere,
id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):contra juris consultos dicere,
against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:contra testes dicendum est,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,
Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?
Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:e.cum scriberem contra Epicurios,
Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,
id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:contra Brutum,
id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:contra Academiam,
id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,
id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).(α).In gen.:(β).sentire contra,
Cic. Mil. 2, 5:pugnare contra bonos,
id. Sull. 25, 71:contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,
Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:(tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,
Liv. 39, 32, 12.—Of political speaking:f.cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,
Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:2.adversus, in): inire consilia contra,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:manum comparare contra aliquem,
id. Sull. 24, 68:conjurationem facere,
id. ib. 4, 12:congredi,
id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,
Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,
against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,
operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?
Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,
to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:3.licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,
injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,
id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,
Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,
id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:4.Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?
or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,
id. Att. 7, 5, 5:judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,
id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,
id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,
in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—Dependent on adjectives (rare):5.contra se ipse misericors,
to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:severissimus judex contra fures,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—With nouns.a.Acc. to 1. b.:b.ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,
Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).(α).Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:(β).quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,
Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,
id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:c.unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,
Cic. Brut. 26, 99:(Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,
id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—Acc. to 1. f.:C.contra patres concitatio et seditio,
Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,
Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.With inanimate and abstract objects.1.Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).a.Of physical or moral exertion:b.cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,
Verg. A. 10, 567:pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,
Cic. Sen. 11, 35:contra verum niti,
Sall. J. 35, 8:contra fortunam luctari,
Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—Of warfare (lit. and trop.):c.bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,
Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,
id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,
Quint. 5, 13, 30.—Of legal contention.(α).Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:(β).contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),
Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:contra ratiocinationem,
id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:contra caput dicere,
to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:servum in caput domini interrogare,
Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:(γ).contra tabulas judicare,
Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:contra testamentum,
Dig. 2, 17, § 1:contra sententiam dicere,
ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:d.inmittere in bona),
Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.(α).To contend that something is false:(β).dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:in sententiam dicere,
in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):contra sensus dicere,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:contra rhetoricen dicere,
Quint. 2, 17, 40.—Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:(γ).contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,
Vitr. 7, praef. 8:contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—Ethically:e.contra voluptatem dicere,
that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:contra mortem loqui,
that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,
id. ib. 100, 10:contra fortunam gloriari,
that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—Of public and political acts and speeches:f.contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,
Cic. Brut. 44, 164:contra legem dicere or verba facere,
id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),
Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.(α).In gen.:(β).senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,
directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:contra rem publicam se commovere,
id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:incitari,
id. Sest. 47, 100:consilia inire,
id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:conjurationem facere,
Sall. C. 30, 6:contra salutem urbis incitari,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:cogitare aliquid contra salutem,
id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,
id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,
do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),
Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:2.si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,
Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,contra salutem rei publicae facere,
Cic. Dom. 38, 102:contra majestatem,
against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:contra leges,
Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:contra edictum (praetoris),
Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:contra foedus,
Cic. Balb. 6, 16:contra jusjurandum ac fidem,
id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?
Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,
Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).(α).With esse expressed as the predicate:(β).hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,
Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:contra leges or legem est,
Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:contra officium est,
id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,
unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:(γ).scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:aliquid contra animum audiendi,
something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:3.Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,
Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—Adverbially with the predicate.(α).In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):(β).eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,
that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,
to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,advocare contra,
Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:si contra mortem te praeparaveris,
to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:(γ).quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,
Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:contra hominis salutem,
with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;4.syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,
Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:pecuniam contra leges auferre,
id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:contra legem,
id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:contra jus fasque,
id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:contra jus,
Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:contra jus gentium,
Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,
Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:contra testimonium aliquid judicare,
without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,
contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:aliquid contra fidem constituere,
Quint. 5, 13, 34:quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,
contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—Dependent on substt.a.Of physical strife:b.scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),
Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —Of warfare:c.imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,
Cic. Mur. 39, 83:Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,
Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—Of legal contention:d.causa contra scriptum,
Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—Of political speaking:e.divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,
Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—Of literary opposition:f.Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,
Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—Of hostility, etc.:g.cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,
Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,
Liv. 6, 40, 5.—Of injury:h.vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,
Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):5.iter contra senatus auctoritatem,
Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:contra consuetudinem somnium,
Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:bonorum possessio contra tabulas,
Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.D.II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).1.Against persons.a.Dependent on verbs:b.cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,
provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,
Pall. 10, 3, 2.—Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:2.paratus contra,
Cic. Mil. 21, 56:nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,
Sall. J. 80, 1:contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,
Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—Against inanimate and abstract things.a.Dependent on verbs:b.contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,
Cic. Sen. 15, 51:propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,
id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:contra tantas difficultates providere,
Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,contra ea,
id. ib. 57, 5:patricii vi contra vim resistunt,
Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—Dependent on substt.:c.suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:defensio contra vim,
id. Mil. 5, 14:patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,
id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:contra labores patientia,
id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;3.in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,
against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:vir contra audaciam firmissimus,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:fortis contra dolorem,
Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:callosus,
Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:far contra hiemes firmissimum,
id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:equus tenax contra vincula,
Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:contraque minantia fata pervigil,
Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).(α).Dependent on verbs:(β).cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,
Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,
id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:valet potum contra venena,
id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—Dependent on substt.:(γ).remedium contra morsus,
Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:contra venena esse omnia remedio,
id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—Dependent on adjectives:(δ).vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,
Pall. 11, 14, 17.—Appositively, as a remedy:E.cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,
Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,
Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.Of logical opposition.1.With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).a.The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.b.I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,
but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,
and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):c.omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),
but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,
Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,
Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),
Liv. 41, 24, 8.—Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):2.illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,
whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),
Cic. Sen. 23, 84:quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,
id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,
id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;v. Ritschl,
Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:F.contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,
Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),
Sall. J. 88, 1; so,cetera contra spem salva invenit,
Liv. 9, 23, 17:contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,
id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),
Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,
Sall. J. 20, 1:ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),
id. ib. 46, 5:contra famam,
Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,
slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,
contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.1.In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:2.quos contra disputant,
Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:quem contra dicit,
id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):quem contra veneris,
id. Mur. 4, 9:quas contra, praeter te, etc.,
id. Vatin. 7, 18:eos ipsos quos contra statuas,
id. Or. 10, 34:quos contra me senatus armavit,
id. Att. 10, 8, 8:quam contra multa locutus est,
Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,
Lucr. 4, 471:dicere eos contra,
id. 4, 484:donique eum contra,
id. 5, 708:agmina contra,
Verg. A. 12, 279:magnum Alciden contra,
id. ib. 5, 414:Paridem contra,
id. ib. 5, 370:Italiam contra,
id. ib. 1, 13:deos contra,
Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:Messania moenia contra,
id. M. 14, 17:litora Calabriae contra,
Tac. A. 3, 1. -
8 contra dicta
contrā, adv. and prep. [stem con, i. e. cum, through a comparative form conter; cf.: alter, uter, inter, praeter, etc.; in abl. fem. form like the locative adverbs ea, qua, etc.; cf.: ultra, intra, extra, citra], orig., in comparison with; hence, over against, fronting, in front, opposite, in opposition to, against, contrary to, opposed to, etc.I.Adv. (referring to an opposed object often with the force of a preposition with ellipsis of a pronoun, = against it, against him, etc.).A.Local.1.Lit., of position in front of a person, place, or thing.a.With verb of being or position expressed or understood.(α).Referring to living beings, opposite, in face of, face to face, facing, in front of, fronting, confronting (not in Cic., Caes., or Sall.):(β).feminam scelestam te, adstans contra, contuor,
Plaut. Pers. 2, 2, 26:ut confidenter mihi contra adstitit,
id. Capt. 3, 5, 6; Lucr. 4, 223; 6, 929:signum contra, quoad longissume oculi ferebant, animo finivit,
Liv. 1, 18, 8:stat contra starique jubet,
Juv. 3, 290:stat contra dicitque tibi tua pagina Fures!
Mart. 1, 55, 12:ulmus erat contra,
in front of her, Ov. M. 14, 661:templa vides contra,
in front (of us), id. ib. 7, 587.—Of position in front of the enemy:contra conserta manu,
Plaut. Mil. 1, 1, 3: contra consistere, to make front against them, Caes. B. G. 2, 17.—Referring to things and places, over against (it), opposite (to it), on the opposite side (mostly post-Aug.):b.contra jacet Cancer patulam distentus in alvum,
Manil. 2, 253:posita contra Hispania,
Tac. Agr. 11:promuntorium quod contra procedit,
Plin. 4, 2, 3, § 6: relinquendae autem contra erunt vacuae tabellae, on the opposite side, i. e. of the leaf, Quint. 10, 3, 32: illo quaerente cur non decidant contra siti, the antipodes (cf. Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123; v. II. A. 1. c. a), Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161.—With the governing verb understood:arguam hanc vidisse apud te contra conservum meum,
face to face, Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 91:jam omnia contra circaque hostium plena erant, Liv 5, 37, 8: eadem verba contra (i. e. ponuntur),
side by side, Quint. 9, 3, 36; Verg. A. 6, 23.—With verbs of motion, so as to be opposite to an object or face to face with a person, variously rendered.(α).Referring to persons:(β).accede ad me atque adi contra,
come right up to me, Plaut. Rud. 1, 4, 23; id. Bacch. 3, 6, 6: hostes crebri cadunt; nostri contra ingruunt, advance to their front (in Plaut. hostility is not implied in contra), id. Am. 1, 1, 84: quis nos pater aut cognatu' volet contra tueri, face to face, eye to eye, Enn. ap. Varr. L. L. 7, § 12 Mull. (Trag. Rel. v. 444 Rib.); Att. ap. Macr. S. 6, 1, 55 (Trag. Rel. v. 538 ib.):adspicedum contra me = contra adspice me,
Plaut. Most. 5, 1, 56 Lorenz ad lec.:contra adspicere,
id. Mil. 2, 1, 45:contra intueri,
Liv. 1, 16, 6; 9, 6, 8; Sen. Q. N. 1, 3, 6:cum veniret contra Marcianus,
Quint. 6, 3, 95; Plin. 9, 46, 70, § 152.—Of things:2.hic ubi sol radiis... Adversa fulsit nimborum aspergine contra,
Lucr. 6, 525; Cels. 8, 8, 1:quam (turrim) promoti contra validi asseres... perfregere,
Tac. H. 4, 30.—Reciprocally: oscula non pervenientia contra, not coming through (the wall) so as to meet, Ov. M. 4, 80.—Transf. to equivalents of weight, value, and price; so,(α).In Plaut. only in the colloq. phrases auro contra, aurichalco contra, and contra auro (sc. posito); lit., for gold placed against; cf.:(β).aes contrarium, s. v. contrarius: (servus) non carus'st auro contra,
at his weight in gold, Plaut. Ep. 3, 3, 30: jam auro contra constat filius, id. Truc. 2, 6, 57 (Speng. aurichalco): auro contra cedo modestum amatorem! A me aurum accipe. Pa. Cedo mihi contra aurichalco quoi ego sano serviam, id. Curc. 1, 3, 45 sq.; id. Mil. 3, 1, 63; 4, 2, 85; id. Ps. 2, 3, 23.—In post-Aug. prose (very rare):3.at si aquae et ejus rei quam contra pensabis par pondus erit, nec pessum ibit, nec exstabit, etc.,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—Of reciprocal actions, = vicissim, in turn, in return, back, on my, his, etc., part, likewise, counter-.(α).In gen.:(β).te ut deludam contra, lusorem meum,
Plaut. Am. 2, 2, 71:quae me amat, quam ego contra amo,
id. Merc. 5. 2, 77; id. Cist. 1, 1, 96; id. Trin. 4, 2, 55; id. As. 2, 2, 110:qui arguat se, eum contra vincat jurejurando suo,
make a victorious counter-charge, id. Mil. 2, 2, 37:si laudabit haec Illius formam, tu hujus contra (i. e. lauda),
Ter. Eun. 3, 1, 54:audi nunc contra jam,
listen in turn, id. Phorm. 4, 4, 18; id. Ad. 5, 4, 23:at tu mihi contra nunc videre fortunatus, Phaedria, Cui, etc.,
you likewise seem fortunate to me, id. Phorm. 1, 3, 21:Mettius Tullo gratulatur, contra Tullus Mettium benigne alloquitur,
Liv. 1, 28, 1:contra ut me diligat illa,
Cat. 76. 23; Hor. S. 1, 3, 27 Orell. ad loc.—Hence, with ellipsis of inquit, = respondit:cui latrans contra senex,
Phaedr. 5, 10, 7:scietis, inquam, etc., contra Nigrinus: ad quem missi sunt? ego, etc.,
Plin. Ep. 7, 6, 4.—Rarely with inquit, etc., expressed: at ille contra, renidens, Audi, inquit, discipule, etc.,
Gell. 15, 9, 9; cf.:contra talia reddit,
Claud. B. Gild. 379.—With dat. pers.:(γ).consulo quem dolum doloso contra conservo parem,
Plaut. Mil. 2, 2, 45:facere contra huic aegre,
Ter. Eun. 4, 1, 10:hiscine contra insidiabere?
id. Hec. 1. 1, 13:tibi contra gratiam Referre,
id. ib. 4, 2, 7.—With item:(δ).item a me contra factum est,
Plaut. Aul. prol. 20:puellam senex Amat et item contra filius,
id. Cas. prol. 49; id. Pers. 5, 2, 36; id. Am. 1, 1, 67; Ter. Ad. 1, 1, 25.—Combining a reciprocal with a local relation (A. 1. a. a, and b. a): contra carinantes verba, exchanging abusive words ( face to face), Enn. ap. Serv. ad Verg. A. 8, 361 (Ann. v. 181 Vahl.): tubae utrimque contra canunt;(ε).Consonat terra,
Plaut. Am. 1, 1, 73; 1, 1, 86:confer gradum Contra pariter,
id. Ps. 2, 4, 18; id. Truc. 1, 2, 28:video amicam... Ubi contra adspexit me, etc.,
id. Mil. 2, 1, 45; Verg. E. 7, 8; cf. Lucr. 4, 243:vesper adest, juvenes consurgite!... Cernitis, innuptae, juvenes? consurgite contra!
Cat. 62, 6.—Implying also opposition: Pe. Conpellabo. Ph. Orationis aciem contra conferam, Plaut. Ep. 4, 1, 20:B.si scias quod donum huic dono contra comparet,
what counter gift, Ter. Eun. 2, 3, 63: quod Scipio postulavit... ut, etc. Et quod contra collega postulavit ne, etc., Annal. Trib. Pleb. ap. Gell. 7 (6), 19, 5:si vobis aequa et honesta postulatio videtur, ego contra brevem postulationem adfero,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 2, 7; Nep. Epam. 6, 1;Auct. B. Alex. 24: illo licente contra liceri audeat nemo,
to bid in opposition, Caes. B. G. 1, 18; Liv. 4, 53, 6:agedum pauca accipe contra,
Hor. S. 1, 4, 38.—So in battle:Numidae... Romanorum ordines conturbare... neque contra feriundi copia erat,
Sall. J. 50, 4; and in law: et ab eo is qui adoptat vindicat... et illo contra non vindicante, etc., Gai Inst. 1, 134; 2, 24.—Esp. in replies:oratio contra a Demosthene pro Ctesiphonte edita,
Cic. de Or. 3, 56, 213:dicit accusator haec: primum, etc.... quid contra reus?
id. Clu. 30, 81; id. Fin. 5, 22, 63; Curt. 4, 1, 10; 7, 9, 1.Of opposition, strife, etc., against; constr. absol., with dat., and ne, quominus or quin.1.Of physical exertion.(α).Lit.:(β).concurrunt... aetheriae nubes contra pugnantibu' ventis,
struggling against each other, Lucr. 6. 98:nec nos obniti contra... Sufficimus,
bear up, battle against, Verg. A. 5, 21; Ov. M. 9, 50; 2, 434:at ille contra nititur,
resists, Plin. 2, 38, 38, § 103; 7, 20, 19, § 82:pars remigum, tamquam imperitia... officia nautarum impediebant. Mox contra tendere,
rowed in an opposite direction, Tac. H. 4, 16.—Trop.:2.te rogo ne contrahas ac demittas animum, neque te obrui tamquam fluctu... sinas, contraque erigas ac resistas,
Cic. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 4:et torrens judicem vel nitentem contra feret, cogatque ire qua rapiet,
Quint. 12, 10, 61.— With ne: vi contra niti, ne advorsus eum fiat, Cato ap. Gell. 7 (6), 3, 16.—With quominus, Lucr. 1, 780.—Of mental exertion:3.si tibi vera videntur, Dede manus, aut, si falsum est, accingere contra,
arm yourself against them, Lucr. 2, 1043; 2, 280. —With dat.:siti contra... pugnandum,
Cels. 4, 2 fin. —Of hostile opposition in gen.(α).Lit.:(β).quod animadversum est in eo qui contra omni ratione pugnarunt, non debeo reprehendere,
who made opposition in every way, Cic. Rosc. Am. 47, 137; id. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107:contra etiam aliquid abs te profectum ex multis audivi,
something inimical, id. Fam. 5, 5, 2.—Trop.:4.aut alio quovis (sc. colore) qui contra pugnet et obstet,
Lucr. 2, 794; 2, 868.—Of warfare.(α).Lit.:(β).ut eos adversarios existimemus qui arma contra ferant,
Cic. Off. 1, 25, 87; 1, 12, 37; Vell. 2, 28, 4; cf.:quid quod exercitum contra duxit?
Auct. Her. 4, 16, 23:ut si qua ex parte obviam contra veniretur, acie instructa depugnarent,
if they should be attacked by an open charge, Caes. B. G. 7, 28:issentque confestim ad urbem ni venire contra exercitum... audissent,
Liv. 7, 39, 17:cum Romanae legiones contra direxerint,
would oppose their march, Tac. H. 4, 58; id. A. 6, 44.—With dat.:et huic contra itum ad amnem Erinden,
Tac. A. 11, 10.—Trop.:5.quod ubi viderunt corvi, contra auxiliantur, velut adversus communem hostem,
Plin. 10, 74, 95, § 205.—Of legal contests.(α).With verbs of saying; v. 9. a.—(β).Venire contra, of any legal act with the intention to hurt the adversary:(γ).quid? si omnium mortalium Sthenio nemo inimicior quam hic C. Claudius... fuit? si de litteris corruptis contra venit, etc.?
if he made a charge of forgery against him? Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 43, § 107; cf. II. B. c. b.—On the part of the adversary:(δ).inveniendum contra est, quo distet haec causa a ceteris,
Quint. 5, 10, 114; 9, 2, 35; 12, 8, 10.—Of judgments against the parties or against opinions:6.ne spoliaret fama probatum hominem si contra judicasset,
given an adverse decision, Cic. Off. 3, 19, 77; cf. Val. Max. 7, 2, 4; Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—Of literary opposition.(α).Mostly with verbs of saying; v. 9. a. g.—(β).With other verbs:7.astrologorum artem contra convincere tendit,
Lucr. 5, 728:contra nunc illud pone, etc.,
Sen. Ben. 7, 14, 6:habeat (liber meus) etiam quosdam qui contra sentiant et adversentur,
some dissentients and opponents, Quint. 3, 1, 5; 2, 17, 40; 3, 8, 69.—Of public and political opposition.(α).With verbs of saying; v. 9. a. d.—(β).With petere, to be a candidate for office in opposition to another:8.nihil enim supererat de quo certarent, nihil quod contra peterent,
no office was left for which to canvass against each other, Cic. Agr. 2, 33, 91:honores contra petere,
Quint. 6, 1, 17.—With ire, with dat., of an opposing vote in the senate (cf.:pedibus ire): sententia Cassii ut nemo unus contra ire ausus est, ita dissonae voces respondebant,
Tac. A. 14, 45.—Of violation of law, contracts, etc.: contra facere, or contra committere, to violate, transgress a law, etc.: leges esse non ex ejus qui contra commiserit utilitate, spectari oportere, not in the interest of the transgressor, Cic. Inv. 2, 48, 153:9.si quis sub hoc pacto vendiderit ancillam ne prostitueretur, et si contra factum esset,
and if the contract was violated, Dig. 18, 1, 56.—With verbs of saying, etc., contra dicere; less freq. disputare, disserere, pugnare, in the sense of dicere, and contra scribere (often contradico, in one word, in post-Aug. writers; esp. with dat.).a.Absol.(α).Contra dicere, to speak as counsel of the adversary, to plead his cause, in legal proceedings:(β).cum contra dicturus Hortensius esset,
would speak on the other side, Cic. Quint. 24, 77:hoc... contra dicente Cotta judicatum est,
id. Caecin. 33, 97:dixisse ut contra nemo videretur,
id. Brut. 53, 198: ut contra Crassus... exorsus est, began on the other side, id. ib. § 197.—Hence: qui contra dicit, the adversary or counsel of the adversary:contra autem qui dicet, similitudinem infirmare debebit,
Cic. Inv. 2, 50, 151; id. Part. Or. 21, 108.—In the same sense: agens contra: si nos... impares agentium contra ingeniis dixerimus, that we are unequal to the talents of our adversary's counsel, [p. 453] Quint. 4, 1, 8.—To make charges against (rare):(γ).si qui contra vellet dicere, usurum esse eum suo testimonio,
Cic. Clu. 48, 134:qua ratione nemo neque tum item fecerit, neque nunc contra dicat,
id. Quint. 29, 88; so,contra disputare, of objections to or against a witness: nihil contra disputabo priusquam dixerit,
id. Fl. 21, 51.—In gen., to speak on the other side of a question:(δ).fiebat autem ita, ut cum is qui audire vellet dixisset quid sibi videretur, tum ego contra dicerem,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; id. Fin. 2, 1, 2; so,contra disputare and contra scribere,
id. Or. 1, 19, 85; Vitr. 3, 1, 6; Quint. 2, 17, 13; Dig. 9, 2, 21, § 1.—Hence: qui contra dicunt or disputant, the opponents:nec qui contra dicunt causam difficilem repellunt,
Cic. Fin. 3, 1, 2:ad coarguendos qui contra disputant,
to refule his opponents, Quint. 2, 15, 26.—To oppose or object to a proposition, motion, or petition:(ε). (ζ).quam palam principes dixerunt contra!
protested against it, Cic. Verr. 2, 5, 16, § 41; Caes. B. C. 1, 32; Cic. Clu. 47, 130.—With pugnare:cum decerneretur frequenti senatu, contra pugnante Pisone, etc.,
Cic. Att. 1, 14, 5:filius ejus incolumitatem optat: contradicit pater,
the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 85; 9, 2, 83; Plin. ap. Gell. 9, 16, 5; Cic. Dom. 33, 87:contradicente nullo,
Suet. Caes. 20; Dig. 3, 3, 15.—Abl. absol. impers.:b.explorandum videtur an etiam contradicto aliquando judicio consuetudo firmata sit,
whether the custom has been confirmed by judgment upon a judicial contest, Dig. 1, 3, 34.—With acc. neutr. pron., to object, to make or raise an objection, to reply; esp. in legal proceedings:c.ego enim, te disputante, quid contra dicerem meditabar,
Cic. N. D. 3, 1, 1:ut contra si quid dicere velit non audiatur,
id. Fin. 5, 10, 27:aiebat illum primo sane diu multa contra (i. e. dixisse), ad extremum autem, etc.,
id. Att. 2, 22, 2.— Hence: quod contra dicitur, or quae contra dicuntur, the objections:ut et id quod intenderemus confirmare, et id quod contra diceretur refellere (possemus),
refute the objections, Cic. de Or. 1, 20, 90:quia neque reprehendi quae contra dicuntur possunt, etc.,
id. ib. 2, 81, 331; id. Inv. 2, 44, 127; Quint. 1, 2, 17.—In the same sense, as subst.: contrā dicta, orum, n. plur.:seu proposita confirmamus, sive contra dicta dissolvimus,
or refute the objections, Quint. 4, prooem. 6.—With acc. and inf.:dicitur contra, nullum esse testamentum,
the objection is made that there is no testament, Cic. Agr. 2, 6, 42.—With dat., written in one word (post-Aug.).(α).To oppose a person by speaking against his views:(β).solitum se etiam Thraseae contradicere,
to oppose even Thrasea, Tac. H. 2, 91:tibi,
Suet. Aug. 54:Curioni...,
id. Rhet. 1. —Hence of answers and replies in law: quid si filium testatoris heres ejus prohibuit? Huic contradici potest: ergo pietatis, etc., he may be answered by this plea, etc., Dig. 11, 7, 14, § 13.—And of advisory answers opposed to one's legal views:volenti mihi ream adulterii postulare eam, etc., contradictum est,
my views were disapproved, rejected, Dig. 48, 5, 11, § 10.—To oppose an opinion, with dat. of the thing:(γ).cum plures tantum sententiis aliorum contradicerent,
opposed the opinions, Tac. H. 1, 39.—To object to a motion or petition, with dat. of the petitioner:(δ).patrem qui damnavit optat ne is torqueatur: pater ei contradicit,
the father objects, Quint. 9, 2, 81:cum ambienti ut legibus solveretur multi contradicerent,
Suet. Caes. 18; Dig. 40, 5, 14; 40, 12, 33.—With dat. of the petition:(ε).preces erant, sed quibus contradici non posset,
which could not be denied, Tac. H. 4, 46 fin.; Dig. 3, 1, 1, § 2.—To contest the validity of a law (rare):(ζ).quibus (legibus) contradici potest,
Quint. 7, 7, 4.—To contradict an assertion (very rare):d.pro certis autem habemus... cuicunque adversarius non contradicit,
Quint. 5, 10, 13.—With quin, to object:C.praetor Samnitibus respondit... nec contra dici quin amicitia de integro reconcilietur,
there was no objection to a reconciliation, Liv. 8, 2, 2.To one's disadvantage; mostly predic. with esse, unfavorable, adverse, damaging (post-Aug.;D.but cf. II. B. 2.): ut eum qui responsurus est vel tacere, vel etiam invitum id quod sit contra cogat fateri,
Quint. 7, 3, 14:cum verba (legis) contra sint,
id. 7, 1, 49:sed experimentum contra fuit,
unsuccessful, Tac. H. 2, 97 fin.:ubi fortuna contra fuit,
id. ib. 3, 18:si fortuna contra daret,
should be unfavorable, id. ib. 1, 65 fin.; id. A. 15, 13.Of logical opposition, with negative force.1.Of a direct contrast.a.Predicatively, with esse, fieri, etc., the contrary, the opposite:b.quod fieri totum contra manifesta docet res,
but experience teaches that just the contrary is true, Lucr. 3, 686; 4, 1088:in stultitia contra est,
with fools the reverse is true, Cic. Clu. 31, 84:in hac quidem re vereor ne etiam contra (i. e. sit),
id. Att. 12, 46; id. Off. 1, 15, 49:quod contra est,
Sall. J. 85, 21:quis non credat, etc.? Contra autem est,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 12; id. Ep. 7, 3; Dig. 37, 4, 4:contra fore si, etc.,
ib. 34, 2, 39, § 2:immo forsitan et contra (i. e. erit),
ib. 41, 3, 49:ego contra puto (i. e. esse),
Plin. Ep. 1, 20, 7; Lampr. Alex. Sev. 25.—With evenire, accidere, sentire, scribere, habere, etc.:c.utrumque contra accidit: istic enim bellum est exortum, hic pax consecuta,
of both the contrary has happened, Cic. Fam. 12, 18, 2; so Dig. 38, 2, 51:id ego contra puto (sc.: faciendum esse),
id. Att. 10, 8, 2:contra evenit in iis morbis,
Sen. Ep. 52, 7; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 163:ego contra sentio,
Sen. Clem. 1, 15, 5; Sedig. ap. Gell. 15, 24, 4; Dig. 40, 2, 25:Proculus contra (sc. sentit),
ib. 35, 2, 1, § 14; 33, 7, 25:licet Celsus contra scribat,
ib. 9, 2, 21, § 1: contra probatur, Gai Inst. 2, 78; Dig. 33, 7, 12, § 34.—Very rarely referring to a term in the same clause:cujus disparem mitioremque naturam contra interpretabatur,
interpreted in an opposite sense, misinterpreted, misunderstood, Tac. H. 4, 86 fin. —Referring to a word or phrase in the same predicate.(α).To an adverb, in an opposite manner, otherwise, differently, not, etc.:(β).nam ad summam totius rei pertinet, caute an contra demonstrata res sit,
Cic. de Or. 2, 81, 330: quod viriliter animoque fit, id, etc.;quod contra, id turpe,
id. Off. 1, 27, 94:sit sapienter usus aut contra,
Quint. 2, 5, 15:lactuca locis apricis optume autumno ponitur, mediterraneis aut frigidis contra ( = pessime),
Col. 11, 3, 25.—To a predicative adjective, not, the opposite, the reverse, etc.:(γ).ut aliae (res) probabiles videantur aliae contra,
improbable, Cic. Ac. 2, 32, 103; id. Off. 2, 2, 7:quid est quod me impediat ea quae probabilia mihi videantur sequi, quae contra, improbare,
id. ib. 2, 2, 8; id. Or. 2, 31, 135; Quint. 4, 2, 52.—To a verbal predicate:(δ).an frater fratri exsistat heres, an contra ( = annon),
Dig. 34, 5, 19.—To a subject infinitive:(ε).laudare testem vel contra pertinet ad momentum judiciorum,
praising or censuring a witness, Quint. 3, 7, 2.—To a clause, translated by not or by a repetition of the clause with a negative:(ζ).quae secundum naturam essent, ea sumenda et quadam aestimatione dignanda docebat, contraque contraria,
those that were not, not, Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 36: quod cuidam aut sapiens videor quod una non jerim, aut felix fuisse;mihi contra,
id. Att. 9, 12, 4: an credibile est, incestum cum filia commissum? Et contra, veneficum in noverca, adulterum in luxurioso? and incredible, etc., Quint. 5, 10, 19; so Dig. 9, 1, 2, § 1.—To an attributive genitive:2.Marius cognoscere quid boni utrisque or contra esset (i. e. mali),
Sall. J. 88, 2:verum de origine laudis contraque perspiciemus suo tempore (i. e. vituperationis),
Quint. 2, 4, 21:alii a propositione accusatoris contraque loci oriuntur,
the accuser and the accused, id. 7, 2, 31;so in several titles of the Digests, as Depositi vel contra, = actio depositi, vel contraria actio depositarii,
Dig. 16, 3 tit.; so ib. 16, 17, 1; 16, 13, 6; 16, 13, 7.—Reversing the relation of terms in the preceding sentence, the reverse, conversely, vice versa, etc.a.With its own predicate: saepe... corpus aegret, Cum tamen ex alia laetamur parte latenti;b.Et retro fit uti contra sit saepe vicissim, Cum miser ex animo laetatur corpore toto,
Lucr. 3, 108: illa altera argumentatio, quasi retro et contra, prius sumit, etc., ( proceeding), so to speak, backward and in inverted order, Cic. Part. Or. 13, 46: neque illud ignoro, etc.; sed non idem accidit contra, but the converse is not true, Quint. 8, 6, 3; Gell. 4, 2, 5: ut vocabula verbis, verba rursus adverbiis, nomina appositis et pronominibus essent priora. Nam fit contra quoque frequenter non indecore. for often, not inelegantly, the order is reversed, Quint. 9, 4, 24:quae etiam contra valent,
i. e. if the terms are reversed, id. 3, 7, 25; 9, 2, 49; 8, 6, 25; 9, 4, 72.—Belonging to the same predicate:E.ut quidque erit dicendum ita dicet, nec satura jejune, nec grandia minute, nec item contra,
Cic. Or. 36, 123:cum emtor venditori, vel contra, heres exstitit,
Dig. 35, 2, 48:in quibus patrium pro possessivo dicitur, vel contra,
Quint. 1, 5, 45; 5, 10, 71:junguntur autem aut ex nostro et peregrino, ut biclinium, aut contra, ut epitogium et Anticato,
id. 1, 5, 68:ut capras in montosis potius locis quam in herbidis (pascar), equas contra,
but with mares the reverse is the case, Varr. R. R. 2, 1, 16:itaque ille dicere melius quam praecipere, nos contra fortasse possumus,
Cic. Or. 42, 143:qua collegi solent ex his quae faciunt ea quae faciuntur, aut contra,
or vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 80; Dig. 14, 1, 1, § 12; 48, 5, 23, § 4.In logical antithesis of clauses with a merely rhet. force, on the contrary, on the other hand, vice versa; sometimes almost = sed or autem (freq.).1.In independent clauses.a.Opposing persons or parties: fortunam insanam esse... perhibent philosophi... Sunt autem alii philosophi qui contra Fortunam negant ullam exstare, Pac. ap. Auct. Her. 2, 23, 36 (Trag. Rel. v. 372 Rib.); Caecil. ap. Cic. Tusc. 4, 32, 68; Varr. R. R. 1, 8, 1:b.ego etiam quae tu sine Verre commisisti Verri crimini daturus sum... Tu, contra, ne quae ille quidem fecit, obicies,
Cic. Div. in Caecil. 11, 35:ego contra ostendo, non modo nihil fecisse Sex. Roscium, sed, etc.,
id. Rosc. Am. 29, 79; id. Phil. 8, 3, 8; id. Off. 1, 30, 108; id. Fin. 5, 22, 62:in Italia bellum gerimus, in sede ac solo nostro... Hannibal contra in aliena, in hostili est terra,
Liv. 22, 39, 13; 21, 50, 2; 3, 15, 2; 6, 7, 4; 9, 35, 4 et saep.; Nep. Alcib. 8, 1; Vell. 2, 31, 4; Sen. Ep. 9, 14; id. Ira, 2, 33, 6; Plin. 35, 10, 37, § 113; Tac. H. 3, 84; 3, 57; Suet. Tib. 2; id. Vit. 2; Just. 2, 1, 10; 8, 4, 11:contra mercator, navim jactantibus austris Militia est potior?
Hor. S. 1, 1, 6; 1, 2, 30; 1, 3, 27; Prop. 2, 1, 45; 2, 23, 13 (3, 17, 3); Sen. Hippol. 214;so with versa vice: barbarae gentes (Alexandrum) non ut hostem, sed ut parentem luxerunt... Contra Macedones versa vice non ut civem, sed ut hostem amissum gaudebant,
Just. 13, 1, 7.—Introducing a secondary or parallel opposition of thought: in loco umidiore far potius serunt quam triticum;2.contra in aridiore hordeum potius quam far,
Varr. R. R. 1, 9, 4; 1, 1, 47: si nihil esset quod inane vocaret, Omne foret solidum;nisi contra corpora certe Essent, etc., Omne quod est spatium vacuum constaret inane,
Lucr. 1, 521; 4, 348; cf.:justa omnia decora sunt, injusta contra, ut turpia, sic indecora,
Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94; id. N. D. 2, 15, 41; id. de Or. 3, 33, 136; id. Quint. 30, 93: id. Off. 3, 21, 84; id. Leg. 2, 1, 2: facilem esse rem... si modo unum omnes sentiant; contra in dissensione nullam se salutem perspicere, Caes. B. G, 5, 31; Liv. 25, 30, 3; Sen. Ben. 1, 5, 2; Plin. 12, 19, 42, § 92; 11, 14, 14, § 35; Suet. Caes. 73; Gell. 1, 4, 5:si male rem gerere insani est, contra bene, sani,
Hor. S. 2, 3, 74.—In opposition to a dependent clause:3.ut hi miseri, sic contra illi beati quos, etc.,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 6, 16; so id. de Or. 1, 45, 198; Quint. 9, 3, 39:cui ego rei tantum abest ut impedimento sim, ut contra te M. Manli adhorter, etc.,
Liv. 6, 15, 5; 6, 31, 4:cum virtus adeo neminem spe ac pollicitatione corrumpat, ut contra in se inpendere jubeat, ac, etc.,
Sen. Ben. 4, 1, 2: aut igitur negemus quidquam ratione confici, cum contra nihil sine ratione recte fieri possit, aut, etc., whereas on the contrary, etc., Cic. Tusc. 4, 38, 84; cf.:at contra,
Lucr. 2, 392.—With co-ordinate conjunctions.a.Copulative, et contra or contraque (never with ac or atque); also nec contra (rare), and on the other hand.(α).With reference to a reason or conclusion, after nam, enim, cum, or itaque: nam et ratione uti... omnique in re quid sit veri videre et tueri decet, contraque falli [p. 454]... tam dedecet quam, etc., Cic. Off. 1, 27, 94:(β).malus est enim custos... metus, contraque benevolentia fidelis,
id. ib. 2, 7, 23:cum reficiat animos varietas ipsa, contraque sit aliquanto difficilius in labore uno perseverare,
Quint. 1, 12, 4; 3, 8, 32; 8, 6, 20:itaque in probris maxime in promptu est, si quid tale dici potest, etc. Contraque in laudibus, etc.,
Cic. Off. 1, 18, 61; cf. Suet. Calig. 51; so with nec:nam nec comoedia cothurnis assurgit, nec contra tragoedia socculo ingreditur,
Quint. 10, 2, 22.—With contrasted examples or illustrations, often after ut or sic:(γ).audivi ex majoribus natu, hoc idem fuisse in P. Scipione Nasica, contraque patrem ejus... nullam comitatem habuisse sermonis,
Cic. Off. 1, 30, 109:ut suspitionibus credi oportere, et contra suspitionibus credi non oportere,
id. Inv. 2, 15, 48; Quint. 8, 4, 1; 5, 10, 48; 9, 3, 7; 9, 4, 52; 11, 1, 14; Sen. Ep. 82, 14; Dig. 17, 1, 22, § 4.—With contrasted actions, assumptions, etc.:(δ).atque utinam qui ubique sunt propugnatores hujus imperii possent in hanc civitatem venire, et contra oppugnatores rei publicae de civitate exterminari!
Cic. Balb. 22, 51:domo pignori data, et area ejus tenebitur... et contra jus soli sequitur aedificium,
Dig. 13, 7, 21:equo et asina genitos mares, hinnos antiqui vocabant: contraque mulos quos asini et equae generassent,
Plin. 8, 44, 69, § 17: ceterum potest ex lege quidem esse judicium, sed legitimum non esse, et contra ex lege non esse, sed legitimum esse, Gai Inst. 4, 109; Plin. 2, 65, 65, § 161; 35, 15, 5, § 183.—After a negative clause, affirming the opposite idea, et contra or contraque, but on the contrary:b.in quo (consulatu) ego imperavi nihil, et contra patribus conscriptis et bonis omnibus parui,
Cic. Sull. 7, 21:nunc vero cum ne pulsus quidem ita sim ut superare non possim, contraque a populo Romano semper sim defensus, etc.,
id. Dom. 33, 88; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Marcell. 6, 20; so,et contra,
Suet. Tit. 7.—With adversative conjunctions, at contra, sed contra, contra autem, contra vero (not verum contra, nor contra tamen).(α).At contra (freq.), merely a strengthened contra (v. 1. supra): huc accedit uti mellis lactisque liquores Jucundo sensu linguae tractentur in ore;(β).At contra taetri absinthi natura... foedo pertorqueat ora sapore,
Lucr. 2, 400:cogunt,
id. 2, 74; 1, 366; 2, 235 et saep.: nos qui domi sumus, tibi beati videmur;at contra nobis tu quidem... prae nobis beatus,
Cic. Fam. 4, 4, 2; id. Tusc. 1, 3, 5; id. Rosc. Am. 45, 131; id. Verr. 2, 5, 26, § 66; Sall. J. 36, 2; 4, 7; 15, 3; id. C. 12, 5:ideo siccas aiunt Aethiopiae solitudines... At contra constat Germaniam abundare rivis,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 6, 2; 1, 3, 1; id. Ep. 100, 7; Plin. 7, 53, 54, § 186; Suet. Galb. 15; Tac. A. 4, 28.—Sed contra, after a negative sentence (class.):(γ).non quo acui ingenia adulescentium nollem, sed contra ingenia obtundi nolui,
Cic. de Or. 3, 24, 93; id. Att. 9, 15, 3; id. Ac. 1, 10, 35; id. Fl. 11, 26:arma populi Romani non liberis servitutem, sed contra servientibus libertatem adferre,
Liv. 45, 18, 1:tu ne cede malis, sed contra audentior ito,
Verg. A. 6, 95; Plin. Ep. 1, 10, 12.—PostAug. also without a preceding negation:obiisse nostro Laium scelere autumant superi inferique: sed animus contra innocens... negat,
Sen. Oedip. 765; Symm. Ep. 6, 81.—Contra autem (rare;(δ).in Cic. only where different subjects have contrasted predicates in dependent clauses): quia pacis est insigne toga, contra autem arma tumultus atque belli,
Cic. Pis. 30, 73.—In later writers = contra alone:sub septemtrione aedificia... conversa ad calidas partes oportere fieri videntur. Contra autem sub impetu solis meridiani regionibus conversa ad septemtrionem... sunt facienda,
Vitr. 6, 1, 2; Gell. 14, 2, 19; Dig. 7, 1, 25, § 3; 34, 3, 25.—Contra vero (very rare;(ε).not in Cic.), used for contra: contra vero quercus infinitam habet aeternitatem,
Vitr. 2, 9, 8; 6, 1, 3; Cels. 3, 6 fin. —Atqui contra, App. Mag. p. 287, 24.—c.With disjunctive conjunctions, aut contra, vel contra, seu contra, or on the contrary, or conversely (always without change of subject).(α).Aut contra:(β).num aut scriptum neget, aut contra factum infitietur?
Cic. Part. Or. 38, 133: quae (mens) aut languescit... aut contra tumescit, etc., Quint. 1, 2, 18:si imbres defuere, aut contra abundavere,
Plin. 17, 24, 37, § 228.—Vel contra:(γ).hinc enim quaestiones oriuntur: Injuriam fecisti, sed quia magistratus, majestatis actio est? Vel contra: Licuit... quia magistratus?
Quint. 5, 10, 40; 9, 4, 96; Suet. Galb. 3; Dig. 35, 2, 56, § 4; 8, 4, 6.—Seu contra:d.seu tristis veniam, seu contra laetus amicis,
Prop. 1, 11, 25.—With causal conjunctions, nam contra (very rare;4.never contra enim): falso queritur de natura sua genus humanum quod, etc. Nam contra, reputando, neque majus aliud, neque praestabilius invenies,
Sall. J. 1, 1; Quint. 1, 1, 1; 9, 2, 23. —In late Lat., e contra (also one word, ēcontrā) = contra,(α).In the meaning, the contrary (D. 1.):(β).aliis vero econtra videtur,
Hier. Ep. 12.—Et econtra = et contra (E. 3. a.):5.honestiorum provectu et econtra suppliciis,
Aur. Vict. Caes. 39, 45.—For quod contra, v. II. E. 1. c.—With emphatic particles.a.Quin contra, nay on the contrary, opposing an affirmative sentence to a preceding negative statement (quin etiam amplifies without opposition; sed contra opposes without amplification; quin contra both opposes and amplifies);b.not before Livy: num qui enim socordius rempublicam administrari post Calvi tribunatum... quam? etc. Quin contra patricios aliquot damnatos... neminem plebeium,
Liv. 6, 37, 8; 31, 31, 9; 35, 26, 10; 37, 15, 3.—Immo contra (post-Aug.).(α).= no, on the contrary, refuting opinions, after questions and in the form of a dialogue:(β).existimas nunc me detrahere tibi multas voluptates?... Immo contra, nolo tibi umquam deesse laetitiam,
Sen. Ep. 23, 3; Dig. 33, 7, 5; 33, 7, 29.—= sed contra, but on the contrary:c.proinde ne submiseris te, immo contra fige stabilem gradum,
Sen. Cons. Marc. 5, 6; id. Cons. Polyb. 15, 2; cf. prep.:immo contra ea,
Liv. 41, 24, 8; cf. II. E. 1. b. infra.—Item contra = an emphatic et contra (very rare):F.quoniam... beate vivere alii in alio, vos in voluptate ponitis, item contra miseriam in dolore, etc.,
Cic. Fin. 2, 27, 86; cf. I. A. 3. g supra.With a comparative clause introduced by ac, atque, or quam, representing a logical or moral opposition (contra atque debuit = non ita ut debuit; cf. Cic. Or. 3, 19, 70); cf. prep., II. C. 3. g, and II. E. 2. infra.1.Of logical opposition, contrary to, different from, otherwise than; in the best prose only with atque or ac.(α).With atque:(β).item, contra atque apud nos, fieri ad Elephantinem ut neque ficus neque vites amittant folia,
Varr. R. R. 1, 7, 6:simulacrum Jovis, contra atque ante fuerat, ad orientem convertere,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20; id. Sull. 24, 69:judicium suscepturos contra atque omnis Italia populusque Romanus judicavisset,
Caes. B. C. 3, 12; id. B. G. 4, 13; Plin. 12, 19, 43, § 95.—With ac:(γ).itaque contra est ac dicitis,
Cic. Fin. 4, 15, 41:vides, omnia fere contra ac dicta sint evenisse,
id. Div. 2, 24, 53; so id. Verr. 2, 4, 6, § 11; id. Or. 40, 137:cum contra ac Deiotarus sensit victoria belli judicaret,
id. Phil. 11, 13, 34:Petreius ubi videt, Catilinam, contra ac ratus erat, magna vi tendere, etc.,
Sall. C. 60, 5.—With ac and atque:(δ).si denique aliquid non contra ac liceret factum diceretur, sed contra atque oporteret,
Cic. Balb. 3, 7.—With quam (post-Aug.):2.cui contra quam proposuerat aliqua cesserunt,
Sen. Ira, 3, 6, 5; Plin. 10, 53, 74, § 149; 11, 21, 24, § 72; Gell. 6 (7), 8, 6:contra quam licet,
id. 1, 3, 19; Sil. 15, 107.—Of moral opposition of acts contrary to rules and principles (cf. II. 3. g infra); so always with quam:II.mater Aviti, generi sui, contra quam fas erat, amore capta,
contrary to the divine law, Cic. Clu. 5, 12:ut senatus, contra quam ipse censuisset, ad vestitum rediret,
contrary to its own resolution, id. Pis. 8, 18:contra quam ista causa postulasset,
id. Caecin. 24, 67:contra quam sanctum legibus est,
Liv. 30, 19, 9; Cic. Leg. 2, 5, 11; id. Q. Fr. 1, 1, 1, § 2; id. Dom. 46, 122:contraque faciunt quam polliceri videntur,
Auct. Her. 4, 3, 6; Cic. de Or. 2, 20, 86.Prep. with acc., before, against, facing, towards, opposite to, contrary to (acc. to many scholars not ante-class.; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 108; but found Plaut. Ps. 1, 2, 24 Fleck., a line omitted by Lorenz as a gloss; id. Pers. 1, 1, 13 Ritschl; Att. ap. Non. p. 469, 15, or Trag. Rel. v. 476 Rib.; cf. also Plaut. Poen. 5, 6, 18; Cato, R. R. 18, 1, and v. I. A. 1. a. b, and I. A. 1. b. a supra).A.Local uses.1.Opposite, over against, facing.a.Of countries and places (mostly of those separated by water;b.adversus and e regione mostly of places opposite by land): insulae natura triquetra, cujus unum latus est contra Galliam,
Caes. B. G. 5, 13; 3, 9; 4, 20:ad insulam quae est contra Massiliam,
id. B. C. 1, 56; 3, 23:Rhodios, pacatis contra insulam suam terris, etc.,
Liv. 37, 15, 7; 3, 26, 8:Carthago Italiam contra,
Verg. A. 1, 13; 5, 124; Ov. M. 14, 17:insulae quae contra Tauri promuntorium inopportune navigantibus objacent, Chelidoniae nominantur,
Mel. 2, 7; Plin. 3, 26, 30, § 151; 6, 28, 32, § 152; 5, 7, 7, § 41; Tac. A. 3, 1; id. H. 2, 17.—Of the heavenly bodies:c.donique (luna) eum (sc. solem) contra pleno bene lumine fulsit,
Lucr. 5, 708:contra Volucris rostrum posita est Lyra,
Vitr. 9, 4, 5; Sen. Q. N. 1, 5, 9; 1, 8, 3; Plin. 2, 31, 31, § 99; 5, 10, 10, § 56.—So, tertium (latus Britanniae) est contra septem triones, opposite ( facing); hence, contra meridiem and contra ortus (instead of ad or adversus meridiem, etc.), facing the south and east, Plin. 6, 24, 24, § 85; 17, 2, 2, § 22. —So of a person standing in the sunlight:cum minima umbra (i. e. a sole) contra medium fiet hominem,
Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 327; cf.:contra mediam faciem meridies erit,
id. 18, 33, 76, § 326.—Of opposite ends of a line.(α).Of the diameter of the earth: esse e regione nobis e contraria parte terrae qui adversis vestigiis stent contra nostra vestigia, quos antipodas vocatis, Cic. Ac. 2, 39, 123.—(β).Of a line drawn:d.contra autem E littera I erit ubi secat circinationem linea,
opposite the point E will be the letter I, Vitr. 9, 7, 4.—Of buildings, etc.:e.contra hoc aviarium est aliud minus in quo quae mortuae sunt aves curator servare solet,
Varr. R. R. 3, 5, 5; Vitr. 5, 6, 3; 3, 5, 15:(statuam) quae fuerit contra Jovis Statoris aedem in vestibulo Superbi domus,
Plin. 34, 6, 13, § 29:contra medium fere porticum diaeta paulum recedit,
Plin. Ep. 5, 6, 20; 2, 17, 5; Suet. Aug. 44.—Of places on the human body:2.id quod contra stomachum est,
Cels. 4, 5 (4, 12 med.); 7, 7;4, 20 (13).—Of the direction of the intestines, etc.: ea... contra medium alvum orsa,
Cels. 4, 1 fin. —Of actions, opposite, towards, against, facing (syn.:a.adversus, ad, e regione,
Caes. B. G. 7, 61).In gen.:b.quamvis subito... quamque Rem contra speculum ponas, apparet imago,
Lucr. 4, 156: Democritus... clipeum constituit contra exortum Hyperionis, Laber. ap. Gell. 10, 17, 4:et contra magnum potes hos (i.e. oculos) attollere solem, Nec tremis...?
Prop. 1, 15, 37; Col. 7, 3, 8:rex constiterat contra pedites,
Curt. 10, 9, 13; 9, 5, 1:ne contra septentrionem paveris,
Plin. 18, 33, 76, § 330; 28, 6, 19, § 69:contra solem varie refulgens,
placed in the sun, id. 37, 10, 63, § 173; 10, 54, 75, § 151; 37, 6, 22, § 83;37, 7, 25, § 95: cum terrestres volucres contra aquam clangores dabunt,
id. 18, 35, 87, § 363; 19, 8, 39, § 131.—Dependent on verbs of motion (very rare without the idea of hostility):c.(Dinocrates) incessit contra tribunal regis jus dicentis,
towards, Vitr. 2, praef. 1.—So trop., of actions done for a purpose:lege Cornelia de sicariis tenetur qui, cum in magistratu esset, eorum quid fecerit contra hominis necem quod legibus permissum non sit,
Dig. 48, 8, 4.—Appositively, with the predicate: (elephanti) tanta narratur clementia contra minus validos, ut, etc., if fronting weaker animals, if brought in contact with them (not to be connected with clementia), Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 23.—Similarly: dum... fidens non est contra feram, if fronting the animal (not dependent on fidens), Plin. 8, 16, 21, § 57.—d.Against an opposing action, etc.:e.contra vim atque impetum fluminis conversa,
Caes. B. G. 4, 17, 5:cum plateae contra directos ventos erunt conformatae,
Vitr. 1, 6, 8:ut contra ventum gregem pascamus,
Col. 7, 3, 12; Sen. Q. N. 2, 31, 2; Plin. 29, 3, 12, § 52; 17, 2, 2, § 21; 8, 16, 21, § 54:contra fluminum impetus aggeribus,
id. 35, 14, 48, § 169:capite in sole contra pilum peruncto,
id. 27, 4, 5, § 17; 18, 35, 88, § 364; Varr. ap. Plin. 7, 20, 19, § 83; Sil. 14, 352; Dig. 9, 2, 29, § 4. [p. 455] — Trop.:contra fortunam tenendus est cursus,
Sen. Prov. 5, 9.—Prov.:contra stimulum calces,
kick against the pricks, Isid. Orig. 1, 36, 28 (al. calcitres); cf. Amm. 18, 5, 1.—Of local actions with hostile intent.(α).Lit.:(β).quae vis Coclitem contra omnes hostium copias tenuit?
Cic. Par. 1, 2, 12:Pompeium Cartejae receptum scribis: jam igitur contra hunc exercitum (sc. constitit),
id. Att. 15, 20, 3:pertimescam, credo, ne mihi non liceat contra vos in contione consistere,
to face you, id. Agr. 1, 8, 25; Lepidus ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 34, 1; Caes. B. C. 1, 26:a fronte contra hostem pedum quindecim fossam fieri jussit,
id. ib. 1, 41; 1, 42; id. B. G. 7, 62:Tullus adversus Veientem hostem derigit suos: Albanos contra legionem Fidenatium collocat,
Liv. 1, 27, 5; 24, 41, 5; 38, 4, 5; Verg. A. 12, 279; Front. Strat. 2, 2, 13; 2, 3, 17.—Appositively, with a local verb understood:terribilis haec contra fugientes belua est, fugax contra insequentes,
i. e. if fronting, if placed opposite, Plin. 8, 25, 38, § 92.—Trop.:f.castra sunt in Italia contra populum Romanum in Etruriae faucibus collocata,
Cic. Cat. 1, 2, 5; id. Mil. 1, 2; Quint. 7, 7, 5:tum contra hanc Romam illa altera Roma quaeretur,
will be as a rival against this Rome, Cic. Agr. 2, 22, 86:cui rationi contra homines barbaros atque imperitos locus fuisset, hac ne ipsum quidem sperare, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 1, 40:(Cicero) plerumque contra inimicos atque obtrectatores plus vindicat sibi,
when fronting adversaries, Quint. 11, 1, 23.—In partic.(α).Stare contra aliquem (opp. stare ab aliquo); usu. implying hostility; mostly trop., to stand against, to be arrayed against, to face, oppose:(β).quod contra hoc exemplum nulla staret eorum ratio,
Auct. Her. 4, 5, 7:contra populi studium,
Cic. Brut. 34, 126:contra civium perditorum... dementiam a senatu et a bonorum causa,
id. ib. 79, 273; so,a mendacio contra veritatem,
id. Inv. 1, 3, 4:contra cives in acie,
id. Att. 16, 11, 2:et adversi contra stetit ora juvenci,
opposite, Verg. A. 5, 477; 5, 414:haec enim (ratio) sola... stat contra fortunam,
Sen. Ep. 14, 4, 2: contra leonem etiam stetit, fronted, i. e. hunted, Spart. Carac. 5 fin. —Contra aliquem ire:3.aut saevos Libyae contra ire leones,
Stat. Th. 9, 16.— Trop.:uti contra injurias armati eatis,
Sall. J. 31, 6:interritus (sapiens) et contra illa (mala) ibit et inter illa,
Sen. Ep. 59, 8; cf.: contra venire, II. B. 1. c. b infra, and v. also II. B. 2. b. and II. B. 1. b. infra.—Transf.,a.To persons placed together for comparison:b.C. vero Caesar, si foro tantum vacasset, non alius ex nostris contra Ciceronem nominaretur,
Quint. 10, 1, 114:CORONATO CONTRA OMNES SCAENICOS,
Inscr. Grut. p. 331, n. 4.—To things compared, as if weighed against each other as to their value, strength, etc.(α).Lit. (very rare):(β).quamcunque vis rem expende, et contra aquam statue... Si gravior est, leviorem rem... feret, etc.,
Sen. Q. N. 3, 25, 5.—Prop.:c.cujus (i. e. generis humani) causa videtur cuncta alia genuisse natura, magna saeva mercede contra tanta sua munera,
Plin. 7, 1, 1, § 1:qui amicus esse coepit quia expedit, placebit ei aliquod pretium contra amicitiam,
Sen. Ep. 9, 9:numquam ulli fortiores cives fuerunt quam qui ausi sunt eum contra tantas opes ejus... condemnare,
Cic. Fam. 7, 2, 3:tantum studium bonorum in me exstitisse, contra incredibilem contentionem clarissimi et potentissimi viri,
id. ib. 7, 2, 2; Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 9, 3:nomen prorogans nostrum et memoriam extendens contra brevitatem aevi,
as a compensation for, Plin. 2, 63, 63, § 154.—So esp., valere contra, to weigh against, counterbalance, avail or prevail against: non vereor ne meae vitae modestia parum valitura sit contra falsos rumores, Matius ap. Cic. Fam. 11, 28, 8:(illa facta) pro periculo potius quam contra salutem valere debere,
Cic. Part. Or. 35, 120; id. Off. 3, 29, 104:contrane lucrum nil valere Pauperis ingenium?
Hor. Epod. 11, 11; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 1; id. Cons. Helv. 5, 5; so,robur habere contra: si contra unamquamlibet partem fortunae satis tibi roboris est,
id. ib. 13, 2;so of counterchecks: in Creta decem qui cosmoe vocantur, ut contra consulare imperium tribuni plebis, sic illi contra vim regiam constituti,
Cic. Rep. 2, 33, 58.—Of antidotes: cimicum natura contra serpentium morsus valere dicitur, item contra venena omnia, Plin. 29, 4, 17, § 61.—Hence,Colloq., aliquid contra aurum est, something is worth gold, is superb, both predicatively and attributively (cf.: auro contra, I. A. 2. supra): hujusce pomaria in summa Sacra Via ubi poma veneunt, contra aurum imago, a spectacle for gold, i. e. a magnificent sight, Varr. R. R. 1, 2, 10 MSS. (al. aliter):d.numcubi hic vides citrum... num quod emblema aut lithostratum? quae illic omnia contra aurum,
superb, id. ib. 3, 2, 4 MSS. (Schneid. omits aurum, ex conj.):oneravi vinum, et tunc erat contra aurum,
Petr. 7, 6.—Transf., of replies, with aiebat, inquit, etc.; both in friendly and inimical sense; esp., contra ea, contra haec, = the adv. contra:B.contra ea Titurius sero facturos clamitabat, etc.,
Caes. B. G. 5, 29:contra ea Verginius unum Ap. Claudium et legum expertem et, etc., aiebat,
Liv. 3, 57, 1; 24, 45, 4:quae contra breviter fata est vates,
Verg. A. 6, 398:contra quod disertus Tu impie fecisti inquit, etc.,
Quint. 7, 1, 53 (cf.: contra ea, II. E. 1. infra).Denoting hostility or disadvantage.1.With verbs of hostile action.a.Of physical exertion:b.pugnavere et tertio consulatu ejus viginti (elephanti) contra pedites quingentos,
Plin. 8, 7, 7, § 22:proelium Afri contra Aegyptios primi fecere fustibus,
id. 7, 56, 57, § 200; 8, 40, 61, § 142. —Referring to warfare (usu. adversus), bellum gerere (rarely for cum or adversus; but contra patriam, contra aras, etc., not cum patria, etc.; cf.c.bellum, II. A. 1. e.): a quo prohibitos esse vos contra Caesarem gerere bellum (opp. pro),
Cic. Lig. 8, 25; id. Phil. 5, 10, 27; Liv. Ep. 129.—With bellum suscipere:contra Antonium,
Cic. Phil. 8, 2, 5; so,contra patriam,
id. Sull. 20, 58:pugnare contra patriam,
id. ib. 25, 70:contra conjuges et liberos,
Sen. Ben. 5, 15, 5:armatum esse contra populum Romanum,
Cic. Prov. Cons. 13, 32.—With arma ferre (freq.), Cic. Phil. 2, 29, 72; 13, 21, 47; Liv. 28, 28, 15; Nep. Att. 4, 2; Tib. 1, 6, 30; Ov. M. 4, 609; 13, 269; id. P. 1, 1, 26.—With arma sumere or capere, Cic. Rab. Perd. 6, 19; id. Phil. 4, 1, 2; 4, 3, 7:armis contendere contra,
Caes. B. G. 2, 13:arma alicui dare (trop.),
Cic. Phil. 2, 21, 53:aciem instruere (trop.),
Liv. 25, 4, 4:exercitum comparare,
Cic. Phil. 3, 6, 14; 4, 1, 2:exercitum instruere,
id. Cat. 2, 11, 24:exercitum ducere and adducere,
id. Phil. 4, 2, 5; 3, 4, 11:exercitum contra Philippum mittere,
id. Inv. 1, 12, 17:naves ducere contra,
Hor. Epod. 4, 19:ducere contra hostes,
Liv. 1, 27, 4:florem Italiae educere contra,
Cic. Cat. 2, 11, 24:proficisci contra,
to march against, Liv. 1, 11, 3; 8, 2, 5:auxilium ferre Rutulis contra Latinos,
Plin. 14, 12, 14, § 88:juvare aliquem contra,
Caes. B. C. 1, 35:consilium inire contra Sequanos,
to take hostile measures against, id. B. G. 6, 12.—Of legal contention (more freq. adversus, except with verbs of saying).(α).In gen., with agere or causam agere, to act as counsel against a party or his attorney:(β).cum agerem contra hominem disertissimum nostrae civitatis,
Cic. Caecin. 33, 97; id. Brut. 63, 226; Sen. Ben. 4, 15, 3; Quint. 11, 1, 59.—Causam recipere or suscipere contra, to accept a retainer against:(causam) quam receperam contra pueros Octavios,
Cic. Att. 13, 49, 1; Quint. 6, 1, 12; Plin. Ep. 4, 17, 1.—Adesse alicui contra, to appear, act as one's counsel against:rogavit me Caecilius ut adessem contra Satrium,
Cic. Att. 1, 1, 3; Plin. Ep. 1, 7, 5 al.; cf.:esse contra,
id. ib. 1, 18, 3.— Trop.: conquesturus venit;at contra se adfuit et satisfacienti satisfecit,
Sen. Fragm. Amic. 14, 1, 89:causam defendere contra,
against the accuser, Cic. de Or. 1, 39, 178:statuere contra aliquem (sc. causam),
to establish a case against an adversary, id. Or. 10, 34:actio competit contra,
Dig. 49, 14, 41:querelam instituere contra,
ib. 5, 2, 21, § 1:bonorum possessionem petere contra,
ib. 5, 2, 23:jus obtinere contra,
Cic. Quint. 9, 34:pugnare contra,
to struggle against the accuser, id. Sull. 17, 49; id. Verr. 1, 11, 33:id quod mihi contra illos datum est,
i. e. a local advantage over, id. Tull. 14, 33:judicare contra aliquem,
id. Fl. 20, 48; Dig. 21, 2, 55; 5, 2, 14; Just. Inst. 4, 17, 2:pronuntiare contra,
Paul. Sent. 5, 34, 2: dare sententiam contra, Dig. 21, 2, 56, § 1:decernere contra,
Cic. Fl. 31, 76:appellare contra aliquem,
Dig. 49, 1, 3; 49, 5, 6; cf.:contra sententiam,
Cod. Just. 7, 62, 32, § 2.—Sentire contra aliquem, to have an opinion unfavorable to:cur vos (cum) aliquid contra me sentire dicatis, etc.,
Cic. Caecin. 27, 79.—Venire contra aliquem, to appear as counsel for one's adversary:(γ).quid tu, Saturi, qui contra hunc venis, existimas aliter?
Cic. Rosc. Com. 6, 18; id. Mur. 4, 9; id. Phil. 8, 6, 18.—Venire contra rem alicujus, to give advice damaging one's interests:contra rem suam me venisse questus est,
Cic. Phil. 2, 2, 3.—With dicere and other verbs of saying. (aa) Of a lawyer pleading against a lawyer:d.ipse ille Mucius, quid in illa causa cum contra te diceret, attulit quod? etc.,
Cic. de Or. 1, 57, 244:cum ille contra me pro Sex. Naevio diceret,
id. Brut. 60, 2, 7; id. de Or. 2, 7, 30; id. Rosc. Am. 15, 45; id. Div. in Caecil. 14, 44; id. Planc. 2, 5; id. Brut. 26, 102; so,causam dicere,
id. Or. 2, 23, 98:causam perorare,
id. Quint. 24, 77.—(bb) Of a lawyer's pleading against the parties: dic mihi, M. Pinari, num si contra te dixero mihi male dicturus es? Servil. ap. Cic. de Or. 2, 65, 261; 3, 34, 138; 1, 14, 60; id. Or. 35, 123; Quint. 11, 1, 57; cf. with ellipsis of acc.:quorum alter pro Aufldia, contra dixit alter,
id. 10, 1, 22.—(ng) Of a party against a lawyer:si Gaditani contra me dicerent,
if the Gaditani were my adversaries, Cic. Balb. 17, 38.—(dd) Of witnesses and experts, and the pleadings against them:si decressent legationem quae contra istum diceret,
Cic. Verr. 2, 2, 4, § 12: contra testes dicere (opp. a testibus or pro testibus). Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118 (cf.:testimonium in aliquem dicere,
id. Sull. 17, 48; Quint. 7, 4, 36):contra juris consultos dicere,
against their legal opinions, Cic. Caecin. 24, 69.—So of witnesses in scientific questions:contra testes dicendum est,
Sen. Q. N. 7, 16, 1.—(ee) Dicere or contendere aliquid contra aliquem, to maintain a point against:cum interrogamus adversarios... quid contra nos dici possit,
Auct. Her. 4, 23, 33:tamenne vereris ut possis hoc contra Hortensium contendere?
Cic. Quint. 25, 78. —Of literary adversaries, mostly with verbs of saying and writing:e.cum scriberem contra Epicurios,
Cic. Att. 13, 38, 1:contra Epicurum satis superque dictum est,
id. N. D. 2, 1, 2:contra Brutum,
id. Tusc. 5, 8, 21:contra Academiam,
id. Ac. 2, 19, 63; id. Fin. 1, 1, 2; 5, 8, 22; id. Tusc. 5, 11, 32; 5, 30, 84; id. Ac. 2, 4, 17:contra autem omnia disputatur a nostris,
id. Off. 2, 2, 8.—Of public and political adversaries (syn. adversus and in).(α).In gen.:(β).sentire contra,
Cic. Mil. 2, 5:pugnare contra bonos,
id. Sull. 25, 71:contra eos summa ope nitebatur nobilitas,
Sall. C. 38, 2; Cic. Sest. 19, 42; 52, 112:(tribuni) qui aut contra consulem, aut pro studio ejus pugnabant,
Liv. 39, 32, 12.—Of political speaking:f.cum (Cato) eo ipso anno contra Serv. Galbam ad populum summa contentione dixisset,
Cic. Brut. 20, 80; so id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 53; Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 9, 1.—Of hostile or criminal acts in gen. (syn.:2.adversus, in): inire consilia contra,
Cic. Rosc. Am. 38, 110; id. Cat. 1, 7, 18:manum comparare contra aliquem,
id. Sull. 24, 68:conjurationem facere,
id. ib. 4, 12:congredi,
id. Lig. 3, 9; Sall. J. 64, 4:aliquid contra imperatorem moliri,
Just. Inst. 4, 18, 3:nec dolor armasset contra sua viscera matrem,
against her own offspring Ov. R. Am. 59.—Facere contra (more freq. with abstr. objects; cf. II. C. 1. f. b infra): nunc te contra Caesarem facere summae stultitiae est, to take parts against, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 16, 2:eae (res) contra nos ambae faciunt,
operate against us, id. Quint. 1, 1.—With verbs of saying, etc.:homo disertus non intellegit, eum quem contra dicit laudari a se?
Cic. Phil. 2, 8, 18; 2, 1, 2; 2, 21, 51; Sen. Ep. 15, 3, 70:epigramma quod contra quamdam Gelliam scripsit,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 38:disputare contra deos, in two signif.: contra deum licet disputare liberius,
to accuse, reproach a god, Cic. N. D. 3, 31, 76; but: mala et impia consuetudo est contra deos disputandi, to reason against the gods, i. e. against their existence, id. ib. 2, 67, 168.—Predicatively, with esse (videri, etc.), against, injurious to, unfavorable, prejudicial, to one's disadvantage: ut [p. 456] ex senatusconsulto neque cujus intersit, neque contra quem sit intellegi possit, Cic. Mur. 32, 68; id. de Or. 3, 20, 75; 2, 74, 299; 2, 81, 330; id. Sull. 13, 39; Sen. Ben. 6, 31, 6:3.licentiam malis dare certe contra bonos est,
injurious to, Quint. 4, 2, 75:res contra nos est, of unfavorable chances in a lawsuit,
id. 4, 66, 1; 4, 2, 75; 5, 13, 32.—Often, contra aliquem = quod est contra aliquem, referring to indef. pronouns or adjectives:nihil contra me fecit odio mei = nihil quod esset contra me,
Cic. Har. Resp. 3, 5; id. Off. 3, 31, 112:quibus (temporibus) aliquid contra Caesarem Pompeio suaserim,
id. Phil. 2, 10, 24.—Added adverb. to the predicate, mostly referring to purpose, with hostile intent, for the purpose of some hostile act, in order to oppose, in opposition:4.Caesarine eam (provinciam) tradituri fuistis, an contra Caesarem retenturi?
or keep it against Caesar, Cic. Lig. 7, 23:sero enim resistimus ei quem per annos decem aluimus contra nos,
id. Att. 7, 5, 5:judicium illud pecunia esse temptatum non pro Cluentio, sed contra Cluentium,
id. Clu. 4, 9; id. Imp. Pomp. 17, 52; id. Ac. 2, 28, 92:cum quae facitis ejusmodi sint ut ea contra vosmet ipsos facere videamini,
id. Rosc. Am. 36, 104; Sen. Ep. 3, 7, 3: Curio se contra eum totum parat, i. e. to speak against him, Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 10; Caes. B. C. 1, 85 ter; Sen. Q. N. 1, 7, 1; Plin. 16, 39, 74, § 192; Plin. Pan. 41.—So with the force of a temporal clause:fidem meam quam essent contra Massam Baebium experti,
in the suit against, Plin. Ep. 3, 4, 4.—Dependent on adjectives (rare):5.contra se ipse misericors,
to his own injury, Phaedr. 4, 18, 3:severissimus judex contra fures,
Lampr. Alex. Sev. 28.—With nouns.a.Acc. to 1. b.:b.ut quam maximae contra Hannibalem copiae sint,
Cic. Inv. 1, 12, 17; cf. Vell. 2, 76, 3.—Acc. to 1. c. and 1. e.; so esp., oratio contra (cf.: oratio in).(α).Oratio contra (never in), of an address against the counsel of a party or against the prosecutor:(β).quid in omni oratione Crassus vel apud centumviros contra Scaevolam, vel contra accusatorem Brutum, cum pro Cn. Plancio diceret?
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 220; cf.:Cato pro se contra Cassium = in oratione contra,
Gell. 10, 15, 3; so,haec perpetua defensio contra Scaevolam,
Cic. de Or. 2, 54, 221:orationem illam egregiam quam (Aeschines) in Ctesiphontem contra Demosthenem dixerat,
id. ib. 3, 56, 213.—Of an address against the party, either in judicial or political affairs:c.unam orationem contra Gracchum reliquit,
Cic. Brut. 26, 99:(Demosthenis) oratio contra Leptinem... contra Aeschinem falsae legationis,
id. Or. 31, 111; Gell. 10, 24, 10; 10, 18, 91; Cic. Brut. 46, 169; Quint. 12, 10, 61; Cic. de Or. 2, 11, 45; id. Brut. 44, 164; Gell. 13, 25 (24), 15; cf. Quint. 4, 3, 13; 11, 2, 25.—Acc. to 1. f.:C.contra patres concitatio et seditio,
Cic. Brut. 14, 56.—Of animals:contra volpium genus communibus inimicitiis,
Plin. 10, 76, 96, § 207.With inanimate and abstract objects.1.Directly dependent on verbs (cf. B. 1.).a.Of physical or moral exertion:b.cum fulmina contra Tot paribus streperet clipeis,
Verg. A. 10, 567:pugnandum tamquam contra morbum, sic contra senectutem,
Cic. Sen. 11, 35:contra verum niti,
Sall. J. 35, 8:contra fortunam luctari,
Sen. Ben. 7, 15, 2; id. Brev. Vit. 10, 1; id. Ep. 78, 15; 99, 32; cf. Cic. Off. 1, 31, 110.—Of warfare (lit. and trop.):c.bellum contra aras, focos, vitam fortunasque gerere,
Cic. Phil. 3, 1, 1:bellum gerimus... contra arma verbis,
id. Fam. 12, 22, 1.—So of logical contradictions:artificis autem est invenire in actione adversarii quae semet ipsa pugnent,
Quint. 5, 13, 30.—Of legal contention.(α).Of the actions of the counsel or prosecutor: dicere, or perorare, agere contra aliquid, to plead against, contest something:(β).contra argumenta, rumores, tabulas, quaestiones (opp. ab argumentis, etc.),
Auct. Her. 2, 6, 9 sqq.; Cic. de Or. 2, 27, 118:contra ratiocinationem,
id. Inv. 2, 50, 153: contra scriptum dicere, to contest, controvert a written law or a document, id. ib. 2, 47, 138; 2, 48, 143; id. Brut. 39, 145; Quint. 7, 7, 1:contra caput dicere,
to plead against life, Cic. Quint. 13, 44 (cf.:servum in caput domini interrogare,
Paul. Sent. 1, 1, 34; 5, 16, 5 and 8; 5, 46, 3): contra libertatem agere, Dig. 40, 12, 26.—Pregn.:contra rerum naturam, contraque consuetudinem hominum dicere (opp. contra nos dicere),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 15, 45.—Of judicial decisions contradicting documents, etc.:(γ).contra tabulas judicare,
Cic. de Or. 2, 70, 281:contra testamentum,
Dig. 2, 17, § 1:contra sententiam dicere,
ib. 49, 8, 1, § 2.—Admittere aliquem contra bona, to admit a petition for bonorum possessio (cf.:d.inmittere in bona),
Dig. 38, 2, 3, § 6.—Of antagonism in literary and ethical questions.(α).To contend that something is false:(β).dicere, disputare, disserere contra opinionem or sententiam,
Cic. Tusc. 1, 4, 8; 5, 19, 55; id. de Or. 3, 18, 67; id. Fin. 5, 4, 10; id. Ac. 2, 18, 60; Sen. Ira, 1, 3, 3; id. Ep. 87, 5; 102, 5 (cf.:in sententiam dicere,
in support of an opinion, Caes. B. G. 1, 45):contra sensus dicere,
Cic. Ac. 2, 31, 101:contra rhetoricen dicere,
Quint. 2, 17, 40.—Of criticism, hostility to principles, etc.:(γ).contra Iliadem et Odysseam scribere,
Vitr. 7, praef. 8:contra quorum disciplinam ingenium ejus exarserat,
Cic. Tusc. 5, 29, 83.—Ethically:e.contra voluptatem dicere,
that pleasure is a moral evil, Cic. Fin. 5, 8, 21:contra mortem loqui,
that death is no evil, Sen. Ep. 82, 7;in both senses: contra vitia, pericula, fortunam, ambitionem,
id. ib. 100, 10:contra fortunam gloriari,
that fortune has no power over him, Cic. Tusc. 5, 9, 26; Sen. Ep. 26, 5.—Of public and political acts and speeches:f.contra potentiam accusatorum dicere,
Cic. Brut. 44, 164:contra legem dicere or verba facere,
id. Imp. Pomp. 15, 53; Liv. 34, 8, 1:rogationem ferre contra coloniam ( = contra legem de colonia deducenda),
Cic. Clu. 51, 140; Auct. Her. 1, 17, 21; Plin. 8, 17, 24, § 64.—Of hostility, injury, wrongs, etc.(α).In gen.:(β).senatusconsulto quod contra dignitatem tuam fieret,
directed against, Cic. Fam. 12, 29, 2:contra rem publicam se commovere,
id. Cat. 1, 26; 1, 3, 7:incitari,
id. Sest. 47, 100:consilia inire,
id. Agr. 2, 3, 8:conjurationem facere,
Sall. C. 30, 6:contra salutem urbis incitari,
Cic. Cat. 3, 8, 20:cogitare aliquid contra salutem,
id. ib. 3, 9, 21: contra voluntatem or studium dicere, to oppose one's will in a speech:esse aliquem in civitate qui contra ejus (Chrysogoni) voluntatem dicere auderet,
id. Rosc. Am. 22, 60; id. Phil. 1, 11, 28; id. de Or. 3, 34, 138; id. Mur. 4, 10; Tac. H. 2, 91:ne quid contra aequitatem contendas, ne quid pro injuria,
do not array yourself against equity, Cic. Off. 2, 20, 71.— Trop.:quis non contra Marii arma, contra Suliae proscriptionem irascitur? ( = Mario propter arma, Sullae propter proscriptionem),
Sen. Ira, 2, 2, 3.—In partic.: facere contra aliquid (syn. adversus), to commit an offence against, to transgress, etc.:2.si quis ad Antonium profectus esset... senatus existimaturum eum contra rem publicam fecisse,
Cic. Phil. 8, 11, 33; id. Mil. 5, 13; 6, 14; id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 3, 25, 95; S. C. ap. Cael. ap. Cic. Fam. 8, 8, 6; Liv. 25, 4, 7; so,contra salutem rei publicae facere,
Cic. Dom. 38, 102:contra majestatem,
against the emperor, Dig. 48, 4, 5:contra leges,
Cic. Dom. 18, 48; id. Vatin. 7, 18; id. Fin. 2, 17, 55; id. Mur. 32, 67; id. de Or. 3, 19, 70; cf. id. Clu. 34, 92; id. Mur. 32, 68; id. Dom. 14, 38; id. Phil. 10, 6, 13; Gai Inst. 4, 121:contra edictum (praetoris),
Cic. Verr 2, 3, 10, § 25; Dig. 39, 1, 20, § 1:contra foedus,
Cic. Balb. 6, 16:contra jusjurandum ac fidem,
id. Off. 3, 10, 43; id. Lael. 3, 30, 74; id. Verr. 2, 3, 3, § 7; Prop. 3, 30, 44 (2, 32, 44).—And ironically:tune contra Caesaris nutum (sc. facies)?
Cic. Att. 14, 10, 1.—Rarely contra ea facere = contra facere, adverb. (cf. I. B. 8. and II. E. 1. b.):corpus in civitatem inferri non licet... et qui contra ea fecerit, extra ordinem punitur,
Paul. Sent. 1, 21, 2; 1, 21, 12.—Predicatively with esse (usu. impers.), in violation of, in conflict with, contrary to (cf. 3. g).(α).With esse expressed as the predicate:(β).hominem hominis incommodo suum augere commodum magis est contra naturam quam mors,
Cic. Off. 3, 5, 21; id. Fin. 3, 9, 31; id. N. D. 3, 13, 33; Sen. Ep. 5, 4; Plin. 7, 8, 6, § 45:contra leges or legem est,
Cic. Pis. 13, 30; id. Mur. 32, 67:contra officium est,
id. Off. 3, 10, 43; 1, 10, 32; 1, 6, 19; cf. id. Lael. 11, 39; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Liv. 6, 40, 5; Sen. Q. N. 2, 37, 2; Gai Inst. 3, 157; Dig. 30, 1, 112, § 3; 16, 3, 1, § 7.—With ellipsis of object (naturam), Cic. Fin. 5, 29, 89; cf.:adeo res ista non habet ullam moram quae contra causas ignium sit,
unfavorable to the formation of fire, Sen. Q. N. 2, 26, 7.—With verbal predicate, referring to an indef. pron. or adj., with esse understood:(γ).scis hunc... nihil umquam contra rem tuam cogitasse ( = nihil quod contra rem tuam esset),
Cic. Rosc. Am. 50, 147; id. Mil. 5, 13:aliquid contra animum audiendi,
something against our liking, Sen. Const. 19, 2.—So mostly with facere:si quid Socrates aut Aristippus contra morem consuetudinemque fecerint,
Cic. Off. 1, 41, 148; id. Att. 3, 23, 2; 2, 22, 2; id. Off. 3, 15, 63; Sall. C. 15, 1; Dig. 8, 2, 11; 8, 2, 17; 35, 1, 79, § 2. —Contra officium, substantively, = id quod contra officium est:3.Sic inter recte factum atque peccatum, officium et contra officium, media locabat quaedam,
Cic. Ac. 1, 10, 37.—Adverbially with the predicate.(α).In order to oppose, in opposition to, with hostile intent (cf. B. 3.):(β).eidem illam proscriptionem capitis mei contra salutem rei publicae rogatam esse dicebant,
that the proposal of the law was an attack on the republic, Cic. Prov. Cons. 19, 45; id. Rab. Perd. 12, 35; id. Phil. 10, 10, 22:imperator contra postulata Bocchi nuntios mittit,
to reply to the demands, Sall. J. 83, 3; 25, 6; so,advocare contra,
Sen. Cons. Polyb. 12, 4; id. Ep. 15, 2, 52:si contra mortem te praeparaveris,
to meet death, id. ib. 11, 3, 8.—With the force of a clause of manner, injuriously to, etc.:(γ).quibus contra valetudinis commodum laborandum est,
Cic. Mur. 23, 47; Suet. Aug. 78:contra hominis salutem,
with danger to a man's life, Cod. Just. 7, 62, 29.—In gen., of conflict with some rule or principle, contrary to, in violation of, without regard to ( = ita ut contra sit; cf. 2. supra; very freq. from the class. period;4.syn. adversus): ceperitne pecunias contra leges P. Decius,
Cic. de Or. 2, 31, 136; id. Verr. 2, 1, 4, § 10; id. Fl. 34, 86:pecuniam contra leges auferre,
id. Verr. 1, 18, 56; 2, 1, 10, § 27; 2, 5, 18, § 46; id. Har. Resp. 26, 56:contra legem,
id. Rab. Perd. 3, 8; id. Dom. 16, 41:contra jus fasque,
id. Har. Resp. 16, 34; id. Quint. 6, 28:contra jus,
Liv. 5, 4, 14; id. Dom. 13, 55; id. Verr. 2, 5, 13, § 34:contra jus gentium,
Liv. 4, 32, 5; 9, 10, 10; 21, 25, 7; 5, 36, 6;6, 1, 6: contra juris rigorem,
Dig. 40, 5, 24, § 10 et saep.:contra testimonium aliquid judicare,
without regard to, Cic. Brut. 31, 117:aliquid contra verecundiam disputare,
contrary to the rules of decency, id. Off. 1, 35, 128:aliquid contra fidem constituere,
Quint. 5, 13, 34:quae majores nostri contra lubidinem animi sui recte atque ordine fecere,
contrary to the dictates of passion, Sall. C. 51, 4; id. J. 33, 1; cf. of logical opposition, II. E. 2. infra.—Dependent on substt.a.Of physical strife:b.scit ille imparem sibi luctatum contra nexus (draconis),
Plin. 8, 12, 12, § 33. —Of warfare:c.imperatorum copia contra tuum furorem,
Cic. Mur. 39, 83:Parthorum gloria contra nomen Romanum,
Liv. 9, 18, 6: in castris perditorum contra patriam, Planc. ap. Cic. Fam. 10, 23, 6.—Of legal contention:d.causa contra scriptum,
Cic. Inv. 2, 46, 135.—Of political speaking:e.divina M. Tullii eloquentia contra leges agrarias,
Quint. 2, 16, 7; 9, 3, 50; Gell. 18, 7, 7.—Of literary opposition:f.Caesaris vituperatio contra laudationem meam,
Cic. Att. 12, 40, 1.—Of hostility, etc.:g.cujus factum, inceptum, conatumve contra patriam,
Cic. Cat. 2, 12, 27:ullum factum dictumve nostrum contra utilitatem vestram,
Liv. 6, 40, 5.—Of injury:h.vitae cupiditas contra rem publicam,
Cic. Planc. 37, 90: contra serpentes venenum, fatal to serpents, or as a defence against serpents, Plin. 7, 2, 2, § 15.—Of violation, disregard, etc. (cf. 3. g):5.iter contra senatus auctoritatem,
Cic. Phil. 2, 19, 48:contra consuetudinem somnium,
Plin. 10, 77, 98, § 211:bonorum possessio contra tabulas,
Dig. 37, 4, 3, § 13; Gai Inst. 3, 41.—Dependent on adjectives (very rare; cf.D.II. D. 2. c. infra): contraque patris impii regnum impotens, avum resolvam,
Sen. Herc. Fur. 966.Of defence, protection, and resistance (syn.: adversus, ab).1.Against persons.a.Dependent on verbs:b.cum populus Romanus suam auctoritatem vel contra omnes qui dissentiunt possit defendere,
Cic. Imp. Pomp. 22, 63: si ego consul rem publicam [p. 457] contra te et gregales tuos defendissem, id. Sest. 52, 111; 22, 49; 8, 20; id. Fam. 11, 27, 7; id. Phil. 2, 18, 45:contra quem multum omnes boni providerunt,
provided a great defence, id. Mur. 38, 81: formula qua utitur patronus contra libertum qui eum in jus vocat, as a defence against, Gai Inst. 4, 46. —And of protection of plants against injurious animals:contra haec animalia proderit, si, etc.,
Pall. 10, 3, 2.—Dependent on adjectives, mostly participial:2.paratus contra,
Cic. Mil. 21, 56:nihil satis firmum contra Metellum,
Sall. J. 80, 1:contra potentes nemo est munitus satis,
Phaedr. 2, 6, 1.—Against inanimate and abstract things.a.Dependent on verbs:b.contra avium morsus munitur vallo aristarum,
Cic. Sen. 15, 51:propugnaculum, quo contra omnes meos impetus usurum se putat,
id. Verr. 2, 3, 16, § 40; 2, 5, 39, § 102:publicam causam contra vim armatam suscipere,
id. Dom. 34, 91; id. Quint. 30, 94; id. Leg. 3, 3, 9:contra tantas difficultates providere,
Sall. J. 90, 1; 76, 4; so,contra ea,
id. ib. 57, 5:patricii vi contra vim resistunt,
Liv. 3, 13, 4; Plin. 14, 2, 4, § 28; Tac. Agr. 45; Sen. Prov. 4, 12; id. Const. 5, 4.—Dependent on substt.:c.suffragia contra oppugnationem vestrae majestatis,
Cic. Rab. Perd. 12, 35:defensio contra vim,
id. Mil. 5, 14:patronus justitiae fuit contra orationem Phili,
id. Lael. 7, 25; Plin. 29, 2, 9, § 30; 14, 3, 4, § 40:contra labores patientia,
id. 23, 1, 22, § 37.—Dependent on adjectives (in Cic. freq. with P. a. predicatively used; otherwise very rare;3.in later prose freq.): nec est quidquam Cilicia contra Syriam munitius,
against an attack from the side of Syria, Cic. Fam. 14, 4, 4:ut nullius res tuta, nullius domus clausa, nullius vita saepta, nullius pudicitia munita contra tuam cupiditatem posset esse,
id. Verr. 2, 5, 15, § 39; id. Fin. 1, 16, 51; id. Mil. 25, 67; id. Tusc. 5, 8, 19; 5, 27, 76:vir contra audaciam firmissimus,
id. Rosc. Am. 30, 85; Sall. J. 33, 2; 28, 5:fortis contra dolorem,
Sen. Ep. 98, 18; Quint. 12, 1, 10:callosus,
Plin. 11, 37, 54, § 147; 14, 2, 4, § 23:far contra hiemes firmissimum,
id. 18, 8, 19, § 83:equus tenax contra vincula,
Ov. Am. 3, 4, 13:contraque minantia fata pervigil,
Claud. I. Cons. Stil. 1, 284.—Of remedies against sickness and its causes, poison, etc.; so only in Plin.; in Pall. only of preventives and of protection against hurtful animals, and against mental perturbations in gen.; cf. infra (syn. ad in Cat., Cic., Cels., Col.; adversus only in Celsus, who also has in with abl.).(α).Dependent on verbs:(β).cujus et vinum et uva contra serpentium ictus medetur,
Plin. 14, 18, 22, § 117; 7, 2, 2, § 13:prodest et contra suspiria et tussim,
id. 20, 13, 50, § 128:valet potum contra venena,
id. 28, 7, 21, § 74; 29, 4, 22, § 71; 29, 4, 26, § 81; 28, 8, 27, § 98; 16, 37, 71, § 180; 35, 6, 14, § 34; 28, 6, 18, §§ 65-67.—Dependent on substt.:(γ).remedium contra morsus,
Plin. 8, 32, 50, § 118; 10, 59, 79, § 163:contra venena esse omnia remedio,
id. 16, 44, 95, § 251; 17, 24, 37, § 240; 7, 1, 1, § 4.—Dependent on adjectives:(δ).vinum quod salutare contra pestilentiam sit,
Pall. 11, 14, 17.—Appositively, as a remedy:E.cujus lacteum succum miris laudibus celebrat... contra serpentes et venena,
Plin. 5, 1, 1, § 16; 29, 4, 26, § 83. —So of remedies against affections:Tiberium tonante caelo coronari ea (lauro) solitum ferunt contra fulminum metus,
Plin. 15, 30, 40, § 135; cf. Sen. Ira, 2, 21, 1; id. Tranq. 5. 1.Of logical opposition.1.With a neuter demonstrative (contra ea, contra haec, contra quae, quod contra = contra, adv.).a.The contrary, the reverse (very rare; cf.b.I. D. 1.): sed mihi contra ea videtur,
but to me the contrary seems true, Sall. J. 85, 1:omnia quae contra haec sunt, omnia quae contra sunt,
and vice versa, Quint. 5, 10, 90. —Contra ea, on the contrary, in logical antithesis (not in Cic. and Sall.; once in Caes. and Quint.; several times in Liv. and Nep.; cf.: contra ea, in other uses, II. A. 2. e. a, II. D. 2. a., II. A. 3. d., II. C. 1. f.):c.omnes arderent cupiditate pugnandi... contra ea Caesar... spatiumque interponendum... putabat ( = at contra),
but Caesar on the contrary, Caes. B. C. 3, 74: superbe ab Samnitibus... legati prohibiti commercio sunt;contra ea benigne ab Siculorum tyrannis adjuti,
Liv. 4, 52, 6; 2, 60, 1; 21, 20, 6;44, 43, 5: pater... Thracem me genuit, contra ea mater Atheniensem,
Nep. Iphicr. 3, 4; id. praef. 6; id. Alcib. 8, 1.—And after a question, with immo (cf. I. E. 5. b.):an infirmissimi omnium... (sumus)? Immo contra ea vel viribus nostris, vel, etc., tuti (sumus),
Liv. 41, 24, 8.—Quod contra, by anastrophe (v. F. 1.), contrary to which, whereas, while on the contrary (only once in Lucr. and three times in Cic.):2.illud in his rebus vereor ne forte rearis, Inpia te rationis inire elementa viamque indugredi sceleris: quod contra saepius illa Religio peperit scelerosa atque impia facta,
whereas on the contrary, Lucr. 1, 81:cujus a me corpus crematum est, quod contra decuit ab illo meum (sc. cremari),
Cic. Sen. 23, 84:quod contra oportebat delicto dolere, correctione gaudere,
id. Lael. 24, 90 (B. and K. place a comma after oportebat; cf.Nauck ad loc.): reliquum est ut eum nemo judicio defenderit: quod contra copiosissime defensum esse contendi,
id. Quint. 28, 87 (many consider contra in all these passages as an adverb; cf. Hand, Turs. II. p. 121 sq.; some explain quod as an ancient ablative, = qua re;v. Ritschl,
Plaut. Exc. p. 57, Munro ad Lucr. 1, 82).—With an abstract noun, with the force of the adverb contra with ac or atque (I. F. 1.), contrary to, contrary to what, etc. (esp. in Sall., not in Cic.; cf. praeter): celeriter contraque omnium opinionem confecto itinere, contrary to the opinion ( = contra ac rati erant), Caes. B. G. 6, 30:F.contra opinionem Jugurthae ad Thalam perveniunt,
Sall. J. 75, 9; Hirt. B. G. 8, 40.—Contra spem either contrary to the opinion, or against the hope:Metellus contra spem suam laetissume excipitur ( = contra ac ratus, veritus est),
Sall. J. 88, 1; so,cetera contra spem salva invenit,
Liv. 9, 23, 17:contra spem omnium L. Furium optavit,
id. 6, 25, 5; Curt. 8, 4, 45;but: at Jugurtha contra spem nuntio accepto ( = contra ac speraverat),
Sall. J. 28, 1; Liv. 24, 45, 3:postquam... Jugurtha contra timorem animi praemia sceleris adeptum sese videt,
Sall. J. 20, 1:ipse in Numidiam procedit, ubi contra belli faciem tuguria plena hominumque... erant ( = contra ac in bello evenire solet),
id. ib. 46, 5:contra famam,
Plin. 13, 22, 43, § 126; 7, 53, 54, § 180:segniterque et contra industriam absconditae formicae,
slowly, and in a manner different from their usual activity, id. 18, 35, 88, § 364.—Of persons:frigidam potionem esse debere, contra priores auctores, Asclepiades confirmavit,
contrary to the opinion of the former physicians, Cels. 4, 26 (19).Sometimes by anastrophe after its noun.1.In prose, after relatives, esp. in Cic.:2.quos contra disputant,
Cic. Ac. 2, 15, 47:quem contra dicit,
id. Phil. 2, 8, 18 (v. II. B. 1. f.):quem contra veneris,
id. Mur. 4, 9:quas contra, praeter te, etc.,
id. Vatin. 7, 18:eos ipsos quos contra statuas,
id. Or. 10, 34:quos contra me senatus armavit,
id. Att. 10, 8, 8:quam contra multa locutus est,
Sen. Ep. 82, 7, Plin. Ep. 1, 23, 3; Claud. in Rufin. 1, 332; v. also E. 1. c. supra.—After other words ( poet. and in post-Aug. prose):hunc igitur contra mittam contendere causam,
Lucr. 4, 471:dicere eos contra,
id. 4, 484:donique eum contra,
id. 5, 708:agmina contra,
Verg. A. 12, 279:magnum Alciden contra,
id. ib. 5, 414:Paridem contra,
id. ib. 5, 370:Italiam contra,
id. ib. 1, 13:deos contra,
Ov. P. 1, 1, 26:Messania moenia contra,
id. M. 14, 17:litora Calabriae contra,
Tac. A. 3, 1. -
9 animus
animus, ī, m. (griech. ἄνεμος, Wind, Hauch, vgl. altind. āniti, atmet, got. us-anan, ausatmen), I) die Seele, als Prinzip des geistigen Lebens, der Geist (Ggstz. corpus, der Körper, od. anima, die physische od. auch seelische Lebenskraft), animi corporisque vires, Liv.: unde anima atque animi constet natura, Lucr.: alci germanum esse pariter animo ac corpore, Ter.: credo deos immortales sparsisse animos in corpora humana, Cic.: difficile est animum perducere ad contemptionem animae, Sen. – seltener v. Tieren, animantia quaedam animum habent, quaedam tantum animam, Sen.: u. so bestiae, quarum animi sunt rationis expertes, Cic.
II) die menschliche Seele als Inbegriff aller Seelenkräfte oder als Prinzip des Empfindens, Begehrens u. Denkens, der Geist, s. Cic. de div. 1, 61; Tusc. 2, 47. – bes. das Gemüt, Herz, d.i. das Empfindende, Begehrende (Ggstz. mens, d.i. das Denkende, der Verstand); vgl. Ochsner Cic. ecl. p. 113 f. – auch häufig (als pars pro toto) für homo od. st. des bl. pronom. pers., wenn von den Gefühlen jmds. die Rede ist, s. Kritz Sall. Iug. 39, 5. Zumpt § 678.
Dah. A) die Seele als Gefühlsvermögen, 1) im allg.: a) übh., die Seele, das Herz, Gemüt, auch das Gefühl, die Empfindung (griech. θυμός), meus fac sis postremo animus, quando ego sum tuus, Ter.: mala mens, malus animus, schlechter Sinn, schlechtes Herz, Ter.: animo aegra, seelenkrank = liebekrank, Enn. fr., wie animus aegrotus, Ter.: otiosus ab animo, sorgenlos, Ter.: uno animo, einmütig, Liv.: animo aequo, iniquo, s. aequus u. iniquus: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior, Cic.: (Aristides Thebanus) omnium primus animum pinxit et sensus hominis expressit, quae vocant Graeci ἤθη, legte zuerst Seele in seine Gemälde und drückte die menschlichen Gefühle aus, wofür die Griechen den Ausdruck ἤθη (Stimmungen u. Gefühle) haben, Plin. 35, 98. – u. Genet. animi auch fast pleonast. bei Adjj. u. Substst., die einen Gemütszustand bezeichnen, wie aeger animi, Liv.: dubius animi, Verg.: incertus animi, Ter., Sall. fr. u.a.: suspensi u. stupentes animi, Liv.: animi metus, Herzensangst, Cic.: u. so animi timor, Sall.: lubido animi sui, die Leidenschaftlichkeit, Sall.; vgl. Kritz Sall. Cat. 58, 2. – u. animo od. animi bei Verben des Empfindens, wie im Griech. θυμω, angere se animi, Plaut.: pendēre animi, Ter.: animo excrucior, Ter.: animo tremere, Cic.: animi u. animis pendēre, Cic.: animi victus, Claudian. 3, 170. Vgl. Wagner Plaut. aul. 145 u. Ter. heaut. – b) das Herz, Gemüt = die Gemütsart, Sinnesart, Denk- u. Handlungsweise, die Gesinnung, der Sinn, Charakter, die Grundsätze (vgl. Bremi Suet. Tib. 52), iracundus, Plaut.: magnus et excelsus, Cic.: altus, Cic.: apertus et simplex (offen u. ohne Falsch), Cic.: belli ingens, domi modicus, hochfahrender, bescheidener Sinn, Sall.: u. animo ingenti, von heroischem Charakter, Sall.: fluxus, lockere Grundsätze, Sall.: esse angusti animi atque demissi, Cic.: pusilli animi est, zeugt von niedriger Sinnesart, Cic.: ebenso sordidus atque animi parvi, Hor. – poet. übtr. von der Natur, Art der Bäume, exuerint silvestrem animum, legen dir ab die wildernde Art, Verg. georg. 2, 51.
2) im einzelnen, irgend eine Beschaffenheit, Stimmung, Bewegung des Gemüts, u. zwar: a) das Herz, das man für jmd. hat, die Stimmung, Gesinnung für od. gegen jmd., hoc animo in nos esse debetis, Cic.: bono od. alieno animo esse in alqm, Caes.: inimico animo esse, Caes.: qui quo animo inter nos simus, ignorant, Cic.: pro mutuo inter nos animo, Cic.: in animo principis, in der Gunst des Fürsten, s. Nipperd. Tac. ann. 15, 50. – dah. meton. in der Umgangsspr. als zärtliche Anrede an den Geliebten od. die Geliebte, mi anime od. anime mi, »mein Herz, liebe Seele«, Komik. (s. Lorenz Plaut. Pseud. 30 ff. Spengel Ter. Andr. 685): so auch animus meus, Fronto ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 13 p. 36, 20 N. – b) die höhere Stimmung, wie unser Herz = die Herzhaftigkeit, Energie, der Mut, das Selbstvertrauen, die Zuversicht (auch oft von einem im Plur. von der Fülle des Mutes, u. umgekehrt der Sing. von mehreren, s. Kraner Caes. b.c. 2, 34, 6. Müller Liv. 1, 25, 3. Weißenb. Liv. 30, 28, 1), femina ingens animi, voll hohen Mutes, hochherzige, Tac.: fac animo magno fortique sis, Cic.: magnum animum ostendere, Cic.: animum addere, Mut machen, Ter.: reddere animum, animus mihi redit, Ter.: animum sumere (fassen), Vell.: animum od. animos tollere, s. tollo: animus alci accedit, Cic.: crevit extemplo Romanis animus, Liv.: neutris animus est ad pugnandum, Liv.: circum fusus exercitus animos ad non parendum addebat, machte Mut zum Nichtgehorchen, Liv.: animos ad spem certaminis od. ad temptandum de integro certamen facere, Liv. (vgl. Weißenb. Liv. 37, 37, 9): magnus mihi animus est m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., ich habe die Zuversicht, Tac. Agr. 30 in. – u. ebenso im Plur., animi iis accedunt, Cic.: cum hostium opes animique crevissent, Cic.: morte Africani crevere inimicorum animi, Liv. (vgl. Drak. Liv. 28, 19, 16): cum ipsa cunctatio et his animos minuisset et auxisset hosti, Liv.: ducibus plebis accendit magis certamine animos quam minuit, Liv.: animi cadunt (sinkt), Cic. – bono es animo, Ter., Varr. u. Apul., od. bono sis (fac sis) animo, Komik.: animum bonum habe, Plaut., Sall. u.a.: in re mala animo bono uti, gute Miene zum bösen Spiel machen, Plaut.: fac animo praesenti hoc dicas, herzhaft, Ter.: satis animi, Muts genug, Ov.: si ad haec parum est animi, wenn du dazu nicht Mut genug hast, Liv.: cum Poeno recens victoria animo esset, Mut machte, Liv. – übtr., von der »Lebhaftigkeit, Lebendigkeit«, dem »Feuer« der Rede, et consilii et animi satis, Quint.: actio plena animi, Cic.: quae vis, qui animus, quae dignitas illi oratori defuit, Cic.: poet., von der Bewegung des Kreisels, dant animos plagae, Verg. Aen. 7, 383: der Gewässer, Stat. Theb. 3, 671; 5, 468: der Winde, Verg. Aen. 10, 357. – Dah. α) der hoffende Mut, magnus mihi animus est m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., ich habe die große Zuversicht, es werde usw., Tac. Agr. 30. – u. so β) (bes. im Plur.) der aus der Fülle des Mutes hervorgegangene hochstrebende Sinn, die Ansprüche, hochfahrenden Wünsche, das hochfahrende, anspruchsvolle Wesen, der Hochmut, Stolz, Übermut, Trotz (s. Fabri Liv. 22, 26, 1. Ruhnken Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 57), cui inerat contemptor animus et superbia, Sall.: ne super fortunam animum gereret; non omnia omnibus cupiunda, Sall. – Damarata uxor, filia Hieronis, inflata adhuc regiis animis ac muliebri spiritu, Liv.: haec natis habens sublimes animos, voll Stolz wegen der Kinder, Ov.: cum divitiae iam animos facerent, Liv.: ubi pecunia animos ad spem liberioris fortunae fecit, als das Geld die stolze Hoffnung sich höher zu schwingen einflößte, Liv.: remittant spiritus, comprimant animos suos, sedent arrogantiam, Cic.: iam ínsolentiam noratis hominis, noratis animos eius et spiritus tribunicios, Cic.: pone animos, Verg. – c) die gereizte Stimmung, das heftige-, reizbare Wesen, die Heftigkeit, Hitze, der Zorn (gew. im Plur.), animum vincere, iracundiam cohibere, Cic.: vince animos iramque tuam, Ov.: alcis animos atque impetus (Ungestüm) retardare, Cic.: u. poet. vom Windgott Äolus, mollit animos et temperat iras, mildert seine Wildheit u. besänftigt den Zorn, Verg. Aen. 1, 57. – d) das Gelüsten des sinnl. Triebes, des Herzens Gelüsten, die Neigung, u. meton. die Lust, das Vergnügen, vincam animum meum, will mein Herz, d.i. mich selbst (meinen Widerwillen) besiegen, Plaut.: animo obsequi od. morem gerere, seine Lust befriedigen, Komik.: animum suum explere, seine Lust büßen, Ter.: exple iis animum, stelle sie zufrieden, Ter.: militum animis expletis, Liv.: amico quae dederis animo, dem lieben Ich, Hor. – bes. animi causā, des Gelüstens halber, d.i. »aus Lust, zum Vergnügen, zur Erholung, zum Spaß, aus Liebhaberei«, Plaut., Cic. u.a. (vgl. Görenz Cic. de fin. 2, 56): so auch animi gratiā, Plaut.: verb. animi voluptatisque causā, zur Lust u. zum Vergnügen, Caes.
B) die Seele als Begehrungs-, Willensvermögen, das Herz = der Wille, Wunsch, die Neigung, das Verlangen, die Lust, das Vorhaben, der Vorsatz, die Absicht, Gesinnung (vgl. ex animi voluntate, Lucr.; u. pro animi mei voluntate, Cic.), istic animus meus est, all mein Sinnen u. Denken, mein Dichten u. Trachten, Plaut.: quoniam nobis di immortales animum ostenderunt suum, ihren Willen, Plaut.: sin aliter animus vester est, Ter.: ad omnia et animo et consilio paratus, Cic.: cuneatim constiterunt hoc animo, ut etc., in der Absicht, daß usw., Caes.: u. so eo ad te animo venimus, ut etc., Cic. – m. folg. ad u. Akk., tuus animus (Lust) ad nuptias, Ter. Andr. 377. – m. folg. Genet. Gerund., parcendi victis filio animus et promptior et honestior, Iustin. 9, 8, 20: animum nubendi finitimis omittere, Iustin. 2, 4, 5: animum vincendi capere, Iustin. 7, 2, 10: occupandae reipublicae animum habere, Vell. 2, 4, 4. – habeo in animo m. Infin. = »ich habe im Sinne, bin willens, bin entschlossen, beabsichtige, habe Lust, es regt sich die Lust, es gelüstet mich«, Cic. Rosc. Am. 52; Verr. 4, 68; ep. 4, 12, 2. Caes. b.G. 6, 7, 5. Pomp. beim Auct. b. Hisp. 26, 7. Liv. 1, 48, 9; 44, 25, 1: ebenso in animum habeo, Liv. 33, 10, 4: u. dass. est (mihi) in animo, Cic. Rosc. Am. 91; Verr. 4, 137; ad Att. 6, 8, 2. Caes. b.G. 1, 7, 3; b.c. 1, 1, 4. Liv. praef. § 6; 1, 28, 7. Tac. Germ. 3: dass. est animus (mihi) m. folg. Infin., Curt. 9, 3 (12), 5. Suet. Caes. 82, 3. Verg. Aen. 4, 639. Ov. met. 5, 150: u. fert animus m. Infin., Suet. Oth. 6, 1. Ov. met. 1, 1 u.a. Dichter (s. Drak. Sil. 16, 294): u. avet animus m. Infin., Cic. Phil. 5, 13: u. inclinat animus (ich bin geneigt) m. folg. ut u. Konj., Liv. 1, 24, 1; 7, 9, 5. – animum od. in animum induco, s. in-dūcoinduco. – u. ex animo, »von Herzen« = »gern, freiwillig, ungezwungen«, u. dah. auch »im Ernst, ernstlich, aufrichtig« (Ggstz. simulate), oft b. Ter., Cic. u.a. – u. bono animo, in guter Absicht, Cic. de imp. Pomp. 56. Nep. Ages. 6, 2.
C) die Seele als Denkvermögen, vernünftiges Prinzip, 1) im allg., der Geist im engern Sinne, die Gedanken (koordiniert der mens, dem »Verstand«, der »Vernunft«), omnium mentes animosque perturbare, aller Sinne u. Gedanken, Caes.: sic semper in animo habui (habe immer gedacht) te in meo aere esse, Cic. ep. 13, 62: sic in animo habeto, ut ne cupide emas, Cato r.r. 1, 1.
2) insbes.: a) die Gedanken = das Bewußtsein, die Besinnung, mihi animus etiam nunc abest, Plaut.: animus alqm relinquit, Caes.: linqui animo, Curt.: linquente animo, Curt.: deficientibus animis, Liv.: animus rediit, Ov. – b) die Gedanken = das Gedächtnis, ex animo effluere (aus dem G. entschwinden), Cic.: u. so excidere ex animo, Cic., ex omnium animis, Liv.: memor in bene meritos animus, Cic.: omnia fert aetas, animum quoque, Verg.: haberet in animo amicum solā necessitudinis gloriā usurum, den Fr. im Gedächtnis behalten, auf den Fr. Bedacht nehmen, Tac. ann. 4, 39. – c) die Gedanken, meton. = das Urteil, die Überzeugung, ut animus meus est (Plaut. truc. 775), u. gew. meo animo od. meo quidem animo, »meinen Gedanken nach« = »meines Erachtens od. Bedünkens, nach meiner Ansicht od. Überzeugung«, Plaut. u. Cic. – / Vulg. Abl. Sing. animu, Corp. inscr. Lat. 8, 2182 u. 2190.
-
10 compono
com-pōno, posuī, positum, ere, zusammenlegen, -setzen, -stellen, I) im allg.: 1) vereinigend, a) zerstreute Ggstde. auf einem Punkte, α) lebl. Objj.: i intro et compone, quae tecum simul ferantur, Ter.: in quo (loco) erant ea composita, quibus rex te munerare constituerat, Cic. – m. in u. Akk., ligna in caminum, Cato: u. codicillos domino in acervum, Cato. – m. in u. Abl., tracta in qualo, Cato: uvas in (auf) tecto in (in) cratibus, Cato: corpus in membra divisum et in cista compositum, Iustin. – m. pro u. Abl., leges pro rostris, ICt. – β) leb. Objj., zusammenbringen, vereinigen, is (Saturnus) genus indocile ac dispersum montibus altis composuit, Verg.: et tabula una duos poterit componere amantes, Prop. – b) an sich getrennte Ggstde. neben-, aneinander od. ineinander fügend, seritur autem pronum et bina iuxta composita semina superque totidem, Plin. – m. Dat. od. m. cum u. Abl., latus lateri et cum pectore pectus, Lucil. fr.: virgineum latus Mercurio, betten zum M., Prop.: manibus manus atque oribus ora, Verg.
2) gegenüberstellend: a) eig., als Gegner zusammenstellen, -bringen, -paaren, gegenüberstellen, gew. m. cum u. Abl. od. m. inter se od. (poet.) m. Dat., α) zum Kampfe, bes. Gladiatoren (vgl. Manuzzi Cic. ep. 2, 8 in. Scott Sen. contr. 3, 16. p. 612 sqq. Bünem. Lact. 3, 28, 7), Samnitem cum Pacideiano, Lucil. fr.: Threcem cum Threce, Sen.: ut non compositum melius (par sit) cum Bitho Bacchius, Hor.: gladiatores sub eodem magistro eruditos inter se, Quint.: se c. alci u. componi alci, sich einem (zum Zweikampf) stellen, Sil.: gladiator compositus ad pugnandum, Gell. 6 (7), 3, 31. – u. im Bilde, si quis casus duos inter se bonos viros composuerit, Quint.: ecce par deo dignum, vir fortis cum mala fortuna compositus, im Kampfe mit einem bösen Geschick, Sen.: u. cum hac (mala fortuna) se compositos ad proeliandum putant, Lact.: cum Christianus adversum minas et tormenta et supplicia componitur, Min. Fel.: pergis pugnantia secum frontibus adversis componere, Hor.: cum artibus mariti, simulatione filii bene composita, den Künsten des G. usw. wohl gewachsen (v. einer Frau), Tac. – β) vor Gericht zum Verhör zusammenstellen, gegenüberstellen, konfrontieren, Epicharis cum indice composita, Tac.: ubi cognitum reo, seque et libertum pari sorte componi, Tac. – b) übtr., vergleichend zusammenstellen, gegenüberstellen, m. Dat., dignitati alcis suam, Cic.: parva magnis, Verg. u. Ov.: homines divis, Catull. – m. cum u. Abl., Metelli dicta cum factis, Sall.: causam cum causa, Quint.
II) insbes.: 1) ein Ganzes aus einzelnen Teilen zusammensetzen, zusammenfügen, m. ex u. Abl., exercitus eius compositus ex variis gentibus, Sall.: genus humanum ex corpore et anima compositum est, Sall. – So nun α) als mediz. t. t.: medicamenta, Cels.: emplastrum, Scrib.: venena, Ov. – m. ex u. Abl., narcissinum unguentum ex flore narcisso, Cels.: antidoton ex variis et inter se contrariis effectibus, Quint. – m. ad u. Akk., liquidum medicamentum ad idem (malum), Cels. – m. causā u. Genit., emplastrum calvariae causā, Cels. – β) v. Werkmeister, Erbauer usw., qui cuncta composuit (v. Weltschöpfer), Cic.: tu ita compone domum meam, ut etc., Vell.: c. urbem, Verg.: aggerem tumuli, Verg. – m. Dat. (wem?), templa deis, Ov. – m. Abl. (mit, aus), mensam gramine, Sil. – γ) v. Wortbildner, vitilitigatores ex vitiis et litigatoribus, Plin.: verba composita (Ggstz. verba simplicia), voces compositae, Quint. – δ) v. Schriftsteller, mündlich od. (gew.) schriftlich zusammensetzen, aufsetzen, verfassen, abfassen, entwerfen, librum, Cic.: libellos, Quint.: tristes libellos, Elegien, Prop.: artes rhetoricas, Cic.: commentarium consulatus sui, Cic.: interdictum, senatus consultum, Cic.: carmen, Hor. u. Suet.: poëma, Cic.: elegos, Hor.: versus, Quint.: orationem, Liv.: rationes familiares, Tac.: stipulationum formulas, Cic.: testimonium, Cic.: argumentum (ein Sujet), Cic. – m. Adv., alquid Latine, Suet.: exordium nimium apparate, Cornif. rhet. – c. bene, male, Quint. – m. Abl. (mit), blanditias tremulā voce, Tibull.: verba meditata manu trementi, Ov. – m. Abl. (wie), verba Aeschyleo cothurno, im äsch. K. (= in ernstem Tone), Prop.: fortia virorum illustrium facta heroicis composita versibus, Amm. – m. Abl. caus., litteras nomine alcis, Liv. – m. de u. Abl., carmen de alqa re, Gell.: praecepta de liberorum educatione, Quint.: libellos de Helvidi ultione, Plin. ep.: volumen de tuenda sanitate, Cels.: artificium de iure belli, Cic.: aliquid de ratione dicendi, Quint. – m. ex u. Abl., liber ex alienis orationibus compositus, zusammengestoppelt, Cic. – m. ad od. in u. Akk., carmen ad lyram, Quint.: oratio ad conciliandos plebis animos composita, Liv.: verba ad religionem deorum composita, Cic.: carmina in hunc operis morem, Hor. – m. Dat. (wem?), Socrati reo orationem, Quint.: carmen, quale componi victoribus solet, ein Siegeslied, Quint. – m. Dat. (wofür? wozu?), c. carmen lyrae, Prop.: scaenae fabulas, Tac.: c. carmen celebrandae Metelli memoriae, Sen. – m. pro u. Abl. (für) u. in u. Akk. (gegen), libri, quos pro te et in illum composuisti, Plin. ep. 9, 1, 1.
2) zusammenlegen = niederlegen, bei legen, a) eig.: α) niederlassend, beiseitelegend, hemmend beilegen, einziehen, sinken lassen, niederlassen, -senken, armamenta (Takelwerk, naut. t. t., Ggstz. tollere arm.), Liv.; verb. armamenta complicare et componere (wo compl. auf die Segel, comp. auf den Mast usw. sich bezieht), Plaut.: c. arma, Hor.: altero erecto, altero composito supercilio, Quint.: gradibus compositis, mit langsamen, bedächtigen Schr., Verg. – β) einsammelnd, aufbewahrend, αα) Schätze, Vorräte usw. einbringen, einlegen, einmachen, aufbewahren (vgl. Thiel Verg. Aen. 8, 317. p. 193), opes, Verg.: composito securus acervo, Tibull. – bes. als t. t. der Landw. (Ggstz. depromere), condo et compono, quae mox depromere possim (im Bilde), Hor.: tergora suis, Col.: herbas, Col.: ostreas, Apic. – m. in u. Abl. od. bl. Abl., cepam in fidelia, Col.: herbam ollā novā, Scrib. – ββ) die Asche u. Gebeine eines Verstorbenen in eine Urne sammeln u. beisetzen, bestatten (vgl. Broukh. Tibull. 3, 2, 26), cinerem, Ov.: ossa alcis, Prop.: cinerem ossaque, Val. Flacc.: u. eine Pers. (= deren Asche u. Gebeine), Pisonem, Tac.: omnes suos, Hor.: sic ego componi versus in ossa velim, Tibull.: compositus prope cineres cognatos, Catull.: iunctos nos arena componet, begraben, Petr. – γ) auf ein Lager setzend od. legend, niederlegen, niederstrecken, hinstrecken, hinbetten, aulaeis se superbis aureā spondā, Verg. Aen. 1, 697 sq. – bes.: αα) einen Ermüdeten zur Ruhe betten, se thalamis, Verg.: defessa membra, Verg. – quiete compositi (Ggstz. vigilantes), Quint.: bene compositus somno vinoque, Ov. – dah. im Bilde, se c. in villa, sich auf seiner Villa zur Ruhe setzen, Plin. ep.: diem clauso Olympo, betten, Verg. (vgl. Thiel Verg. Aen. 1, 374). – ββ) einen (mit Gewändern, Bändern u. Kränzen geschmückten) Leichnam auf das Paradebett hinlegen (griech. περιστέλλω, vgl. Casaub. Pers. 3, 104), componi in lecto, Sen.: componi lecto, Pers., od. toro, Ov. – δ) beschwichtigend beilegen, sich legen machen, motos fluctus, Verg.: cum mare compositum est, Ov.
b) übtr., was unruhig ist, zur Ruhe bringen, α) Zustände beilegen, beruhigen, beseitigen, schlichten, ausgleichen, beschwichtigen,controversias regum, Caes.: negotium (die Sache = den Prozeß), Suet.: discordias, Tac.: bellum, Sall.: seditionem, Liv. (versch. von unten no. 4, b, β). – controversias per colloquia, Caes.: plura moderatione magis quam vi, Tac.: contentiones sine ullo studio, Auct. b. Alex. – absol., coheredes mei componere et transigere cupiebant, Plin. ep. 5, 1, 7. – unpers., ut componeretur, daß der Streit beigelegt würde, daß eine friedliche Ausgleichung zustande käme, Cic. Rosc. Am. 136. Caes. b. c. 3, 16, 4. – β) ein Land, eine Völkerschaft, Versammlung zur Ruhe bringen, beruhigen, beschwichtigen (Ggstz. commovere), Armeniam, Tac.: rebelles barbarorum animos pace componi, Tac.: c. comitia praetorum, quod acriore ambitu exarserant, Tac.: u. oft compositi, zur Ruhe gebracht (v. Völkern usw.), Tac.; vgl. Walther Tac. ann. 12, 40. p. 108. – γ) ein aufgeregtes Gemüt, eine gemütlich aufgeregte Pers. beruhigen, beschwichtigen, animum, mentem, Cels.: amicos aversos, versöhnen, Hor. Vgl. compositus no. 1.
3) etw. in eine gewisse Lage, Richtung, Stellung, Ordnung bringen, a) eig., α) übh., bes. als mediz. t. t., ore stamina, Cael. Aur.: si (infans in utero) forte aliter compositus est, eine andere Lage hat, Cels.: ideoque ossa sic se habent, ut aliquis composuit, gelegt, eingerichtet hat, Cels. – β) in die richtige Lage, Stellung bringen, diductis aedificia angulis vidimus moveri iterumque componi, daß Gebäude, die ihre winkelrechte Stellung verloren haben, erschüttert werden und dadurch wieder in die rechte Lage kommen, Sen. nat. qu. 6, 30, 4: ad ictum militaris gladii compositā cervice, zurechtgelegten, Sen. ad Marc. 26, 2. – u. als mediz. t. t., c. iugulum, das Schlüsselbein einrichten, Cels. 8, 8. no. 1. – γ) in gehörige Ordnung, Reihenfolge legen, aufstellen, zurechtlegen, zurechtstellen, ordnen, sidera, Cic.: signa (Bildsäulen), Cic.: aridum lignum, aufschichten, Hor.: quis id lignum ita composuisset? Gell.: c. specula ita, ut corpora possint detorquere in pravum, Sen.: quid in operibus manu factis tam compositum (Regelmäßiges) tamque compactum et coagmentatum inveniri potest? Cic. – u. als milit. t. t. = συντάττειν, Truppen taktisch, in Reih u. Glied aufstellen, ordnen, c. subsidia, Sall. fr.: insidias, einen Hinterhalt legen (versch. v. unten no. 4, b, γ), Tac. u. Eutr.: composito agmine incedere, Tac.: exceptus compositis hostium ordinibus, geordneten, geschlossenen, Tac. – m. in u. Abl. u.a. Praepp., in secunda (acie) cohortes festinas, Sall. fr.: legionem pro ripa, Tac.: insidias in montibus, Iustin.: exercitum in hibernaculis, konzentrieren, Sall.: sua quemque apud signa, Tac. – m. in u. Akk. od. m. bl. Abl., classiarios in numeros legionis, Tac.: aciem per cuneos, Tac.: numero compositi (equites) in turmas, Verg.: eques compositus per turmas, Tac.: Frisios, Batavos propriis cuneis, Tac.: compositi firmis ordinibus, Tac.: iam acie compositi, Tac.; vgl. compositus no. 2, a. – m. ad u. Akk. od. bl. Dat. (zu), agmen ad iter magis quam ad pugnam compositum, Liv.: agmen ad omnes casus, Liv.: c. exercitum viae pariter et pugnae, Tac.: c. se ad confligendum, Sisenna fr.
b) übtr.: α) als rhet. t. t., die Worte gehörig stellen, ordnen, in gehöriger Ordnung aneinanderfügen, verba c. et quasi coagmentare, Cic.: c. et struere verba sic, ut etc., Cic.: quam lepide lexeis compostae, ut tesserulae, Lucil. fr.; vgl. compositus no. 2, b, α. – β) als publiz. t. t., was politisch in Unordnung, Verwirrung war, in Ordnung bringen, ordnen, regulieren, res, Liv.: res Germanicas, Suet.: Ardeae res seditione turbatas, Liv.: statum Orientis, Suet.
4) in eine gewisse Form bringen, zurechtlegen, zurechtmachen, ordnen, bilden, a) eig.: capillum satis commode, Plaut.: composito et delibuto capillo, Cic.: c. comas, Ov. u. Quint.: crines, Verg.: neta texenda, Hier. ep. 130, 15: caput reticulo, Lampr. Heliog. 11, 7. – togam, die Toga zusammennehmen, zurechtlegen, ihr den gehörigen Faltenwurf geben, Hor. u. Quint.: ebenso se, sowohl übh. das Gewand als insbes. die Toga zusammennehmen, dem Gewande, der Toga den gehörigen Faltenwurf geben, Ov. u. Plin. ep. – pulvinum facili manu, Ov.: torum bene, Ov. – vultum, die Miene zurechtlegen, bald = eine ernste Miene, eine Amtsmiene annehmen, Plin. ep. u. Suet., bald = eine ruhige Miene annehmen, erkünsteln, Fassung in den Mienen erkünsteln, Quint., Tac. u. Plin. ep.: per ipsum compositum et fictum vultum lacrimae profunduntur, Sen. – m. Ang. wie? durch die Wendungen in od. ad modum, ad imaginem alcis rei u. dgl., so u. so zurechtlegen, einrichten, bilden, formen, gestalten, linamentum in modum collyrii, Cels.: utramque manum ad modum aliquid portantium, Quint.: circuli compositi ad imaginem earum vertebrarum, quae in spina sunt, Cels.: eodem modo compositum aliquid ex arido penicillo (Schwamme), Cels. – m. in od. ad u. Akk., cubile in ambitionem compositum, zum Prunk eingerichtet, Sen.: c. vultum ad speculum in terrorem, den Ausdruck des Schreckens geben, Suet.: orationis vultum ad id, quod efficere tendimus, Quint.: veste servili in dissimulationem sui compositus, durch Sklaventracht unkenntlich gemacht, Tac.
b) übtr., in ein gewisses Verhältnis, in eine gewisse Verfassung bringen, α) übh. einrichten, gestalten, anlegen, anordnen, verordnen, entwerfen, ordnen, über etw. disponieren, itinera sic, ut etc., Cic.: sua rectius, Sall. fr.: quod adest, Hor.: compositā et constitutā re publicā, in einem geordneten u. festgefügten Staatswesen, Cic.: non emendata nec usque ad votum composita civitas, ein nach Wunsch geordneter St., Tac.: in consideranda componendaque causa totum diem ponere, Cic.: salvo iam et composito die, Plin. ep.: necdum compositis maturisve satis consiliis, Liv.: ex sententia omnibus rebus paratis compositisque, Sall.: in senatu cuncta longis aliorum principatibus composita decernuntur, was entworfen war, Tac. – m. ad od. in u. Akk. = zu etw. einrichten, für od. auf etw. berechnen, für etw. geeignet machen, auf etw. gefaßt machen, c. cultum victumque non ad nova exempla (nach der Mode), sed ut maiorum mores suadent, Sen.: auspicia ad utilitatem rei publicae composita, Cic.: c. omnia ad voluptatem multitudinis imperitae, Quint.: animum ad omnes casus, Quint.: cunctis ad tristitiam compositis, in allem der Ausdruck der Betrübnis, Tac.: c. animum vultumque ad abstinentiam, Plin. ep.: composita in magnificentiam oratio, eine in hochtrabenden Ausdrücken abgefaßte Rede, Tac. – u. eine Person., oratorem ad haec omnia, Quint.: Vitellianos ad modestiam, bekehren, Tac.: se ad imitationem alcis od. veritatis, Quint.: se ad delicias memoriae suae, sich in die Launen seines Gedächtnisses fügen, Sen. rhet.: componi ad reverentiam, Hochachtung erheucheln, Tac.; vgl. compositus no. 3, b, β. – β) etw. mit einem andern entwerfen, verabreden, ab- od. ausmachen, über etw. übereinkommen, etw. festsetzen, bestimmen, im üblen Sinne = abkarten, bei Ang. mit wem? m. cum u. Abl. od. m. inter se, zB. rem c., Ter.: res c., res inter se c., Sall.: nocturnum hoc argumentum fingere et c., Liv.: c. fabulam Volsci belli, Liv.: iam ante adventum legatorum consilium, Liv.: societatem praedarum cum latronibus, Sall. fr.: crimen, Cic.: seditionem (versch. v. oben no. 2, b, α), Tac. hist. 4, 14: dolum, Sall.: diem rei gerendae, Liv.: locum beneficii tempusque, Tac. – m. folg. indir. Fragesatz, cum summa concordia, quos dimitterent, quos retinerent, composuerunt, Liv. 40, 40, 14. – m. folg. Infin., ii secretis colloquiis componunt Gallos concire, Tac. ann. 3, 40. – u. Pass. unpers., ut domi compositum cum Marcio erat, Liv. 2, 37, 1: u.m. folg. ut u. Konj., compositum erat inter ipsos, ut Latiaris strueret dolum, Tac. ann. 4, 68. – composito, Ter., Nep. u.a., u. ex composito, Sall. fr., Liv. u.a., u. de composito, Apul. apol. 1, nach Verabredung, verabredetermaßen (s. Drak. Liv. 1, 9, 10. Mützell Curt. 7, 1, 5). – dah. prägn., c. alqm, jmd. (zu einer Übeltat) anstiften, alqm pretio, Sall. hist. fr. 1, 43 (46). – γ) etw. erkünsteln = ersinnen, aussinnen, anstiften, aushecken, erdichten, erheucheln, mendacia, Plaut.: crimen et dolum, Tac.: verba et fraudes, Prop.: insidias alci od. in alqm (versch. v. oben no. 3, a, γ), Tibull. u. Prop.: risum mendaci ore, Tibull.: rumorem, Tac. – δ) einen friedlichen Zustand zuwege bringen, ins reine bringen, stiften, pacem, Liv., Prop. u.a.: pacem his condicionibus, Liv.: pacem circa Brundusium, Vell.: pacem cum Philippo, Liv., cum Pyrrho, Iustin.: gratiam inter eas, Ter. – / Parag. Infin. componier, Catull. 68, 141. – Ungew. Perf. Act. composivere, Tac. ann. 4, 32: composeiverunt, Corp. inscr. Lat. 5, 7749, 2. – Partic. Perf. synkop. compostus, Lucil. fr. inc. 33 (bei Cic. de or. 3, 171). Varr. Atac. bei Sen. contr. 7, 2 (16). § 28 u. bei Sen. ep. 56, 6. Verg. Aen. 1, 249.
-
11 ludo
lūdo, lūsī, lūsum, ere, spielen, I) intr. A) eig., mit Würfeln usw. spielen, tesseris, Ter.: talis, Plin., talis optime, Cic.: nequiore talo, mit falschen Würfeln sp., Mart.: aleā, Cic., od. in alea, ICt.; vgl. alea: pilā et duodecim scriptis, Cic.: trocho, Hor.: nucibus, Mart.: testarum in mare iaculationibus, Min. Fel.: corio suo od. de corio suo u. de alieno corio (sprichw.), s. coriumno. I, 1, a: ad latrunculos, Vopisc.: in pecuniam, um Geld spielen, ICt.: absol., lusimus per omnes dies, Suet.: unpers., horā tertiā bibebatur, ludebatur, Cic.: diu noctuque ludatur, bibatur, vomatur, Augustin. – im Schau-, Kampfspiele auftreten, ludis circensibus quinquaginta ursos et elephantos lusisse, Liv. 44, 18. § 8. – B) übtr.: 1) spielen, schäkern, scherzen, Possen treiben, a) übh.: exempla honesta ludendi, Cic.: videant ad ludendumne (zum Spaß) an ad pugnandum arma sint sumpturi, Cic.: in numerum, tanzen, v. den Faunen, Verg.: v. Fischen im Wasser, Ter.: v. Vögeln, Verg.: cymba ludit in lacu, Ov.: iubae ludunt, flattern, Verg. – b) insbes., von der sinnlichen Liebe, Hor.: in alqa, mit einer tändeln, Prop. – 2) spielend-, zum Zeitvertreib sich in etw. üben, mit etw. sich tändelnd beschäftigen, tändeln, armis, Cic. u. Hor.: versibus, Verg.: palaestrā, Ov. – 3) mit etw. spielen = etw. verschleudern, viribus imperii, Sen. de brev. vit. 18, 5. – II) tr. spielen, A) im allg.: proelia latronum, das Kriegsspiel, Ov.: ducatus et imperia (Generalissimus u. Kaiser), Suet.: aleam, Suet.: Troiam, Suet.: scriptae, quibus alea (Nomin.) luditur, artes, Ov.: bildl., consimilem ludere ludum, ein gleiches Spiel spielen (= dasselbe tun, was ein anderer getan hat), Ter.: ludum insolentem ludere, ein übermütiges Spiel treiben, Hor. – b) prägn.: 1) spielend od. schäkernd zubringen, otium, Mart. 3, 67, 9. – bildl., operam, vergeblich anwenden, Komik. u. Fronto (vgl. opera). – 2) spielend od. zum Zeitvertreib etw. verfertigen, -etw. treiben, -sich in etw. üben, opus, Häuschen bauen, Hor.: carmina, Verg.: causas, Calp.: pericula, Mart.: causam illam disputationemque, auf eine launige (scherzhafte) Weise durchführen, Cic.: convicia, aus Scherz einander schimpfen, Mart.: luserunt ista poëtae, solches haben die D. gefabelt, Sen. – 3) auf eine launige (scherzhafte) Weise etw. vorstellen, bonum civem, Cael. in Cic. ep.: magistratum, Apul. – 4) jmd. zum besten (zum Narren) haben, a) jmd. foppen, äffen, sich über ihn lustig machen, ihn necken, alqm, Komik. u. Cic.: verbum, Cic. – b) jmd. bei der Nase herumziehen, hintergehen, betrügen, täuschen, alqm, Hor. u. Verg.: alqm dolis, Ter. – 5) = verspielen, id quod in alea lusum est, der Spielverlust im Hasardspiel, Paul. dig. 11, 5, 4. § 2. – / Parag. Infin. ludier, Ter. adelph. 607.
-
12 quies [1]
1. quiēs, ētis, f., die Ruhe, I) im allg., die Ruhe von der Arbeit, von Geschäften, Mühen, die Rast, die Erholung, 1) eig.: otii quietisque cupidissimus, Vell.: quietis impatientissimus, Vell.: locus quietis et tranquillitatis plenissimus, Cic.: quem non quies, non remissio delectarent, Cic.: ex diutino labore quieti se dare, Caes.: quieti se reddere, Apul.: quietem capere, Ruhe genießen, Caes.: velut tacitis indutiis quietem sumere, Liv.: si erit pugnandum... si quies dabitur, Cic.: reliquum noctis utrimque quieti datum, Liv.: tres horas exercitui ad quietem dare, Caes.: quartum iam diem eodem loco quietem militi dederat, Curt.: quietem praestare, ihnen zu Gefallen Ruhe halten, Liv.: vix quietem ferre (ertragen) in mari, Liv. – qu. senectutis, Cic.: mors laborum aut miseriarum quies est, ist ein Ausruhen von usw., Cic.: u. so per quod tempus ut quies certaminum erat, ita ab apparatu operum ac munitionum nihil cessatum, Liv. – m. ab u. Abl., nulla qu. ab armis dabatur a bellicoso rege, Liv.: a proeliis quietem habuerant, Liv. – m. Genet. der Zeitdauer, paucorum iis dierum quietem dedit, Liv. (s. Fabri Liv. 21, 58, 1). – Plur., somno et quietibus ceteris, Arten der Ruhe = Erholungen, Cic. de off. 1, 103. – 2) meton., der Ruheort, das Lager, intectae fronde quietes, Lucr. 1, 405. – II) insbes.: A) die Ruhe = die Nachtruhe, der Schlaf, 1) eig.: a) im allg.: quietem capere, schlafen, Ov.: ire ad quietem, schlafen gehen, Cic.: so auch tradere se quieti, Cic.: tum se quieti dedit et quievit verissimo quidem somno, Plin. ep.: iterum quieti et somno se dedit, Val. Max.: datus quieti, eingeschläfert, Arnob.: dare parva tempora quieti, Ov.: datur hora quieti, Verg.: secundum quietem oder in quiete, Cic., oder per quietem, Suet., im Schlafe. – Plur., neque vigiliis neque quietibus sedari, Sall. Cat. 15. 4. – b) insbes., die ewige Ruhe, der ewige Schlaf, der Todesschlaf, Tod, dura qu., Verg.: si forte tibi properarint fata quietem, Prop. – 2) meton.: a) der Traum, u. das einzelne Traumbild, Traumgesicht, Stat. Theb. 10, 205 u. 324. Vell. 2, 70, 1. Tac. ann. 1, 65. – b) die Schlafenszeit, die Nacht, opica quies, Stat.: trahere quietem, Prop. (= trahere noctem b. Verg.). – B) die Ruhe = das Schweigen, Stillschweigen, atrox clamor et repente quies, Tac. ann. 1, 25. – C) das Ruhehalten, 1) eig.: a) die Ruhe, das Verschontsein von Krieg, Aufruhr, der Friede, qu. diuturna, Sall.: ingrata qu. genti, Tac.: consuleret quieti urbis, Tac. – b) das ruhige Verhalten in politischer Beziehung, die Zurückgezogenheit vom Staatsleben, bes. von Parteinahme im Staate, die Neutralität, Nep. Att. 7, 3. Suet. Tib. 15, 1. Tac. ann. 14, 47 u. 56. – c) die Ruhe vom Amte, der Ruhestand, post indultam a pietate vestra quietem, Inc. (Eumen.) pan. Const. 1, 2. – d) die Ruhe des Gemütes, Ov. ex Pont. 4, 9, 91 u. (Ggstz. ira) Sen. de ira 2, 13, 2: qui cum summā quiete animi civitatis princeps esse posset, in aller Gemütsruhe, Vell. 2, 6. 2. – 2) übtr., v. Lebl., die Ruhe, Stille, ventorum, Plin.: si non tanta quies iret frigus caloremque inter, Frühlingsstille, Ruhe, Verg.: lenis quies materiae, Ebenheit, Plin. – / Archaist. Abl. quie, Afran. com. 77. Laev. fr. 10 M. ( bei Prisc. 6, 58).
-
13 auslegen
auslegen, I) herauslegen: exponere. – etwas zum Verkauf au., alqam rem venalem exponere od. proponere; alqam rem in medio proponere. – Uneig., a) für jmd. au., d. i. einstweilen bezahlen: pro alqo pecuniae impensam facere. – b) sich au., v. Fechtenden: proicere gladium od. ferrum od. telum (die Waffe vorstrecken). – gradum componere ad pugnandum. statum pugnantis componere (die Stellung eines Fechtenden annehmen). – sich ausgelegt haben, auch in gradu stare. – II) Vertiefungen mit etwas ausfüllen etc.: distinguere (hier und da besetzen, z. B. gemmis, argento auroque). – caelare (mit halberhabener Arbeit au., z. B. scuta auro). – tessellare (mit Figuren aus kleinen Stückchen von buntem Marmor etc., d. i. mit Mosaik au, z. B. pavimentum). – ein Fußboden von ausgelegter Arbeit, pavimentum tessellatum et sectile: Wände parietes vermicuiatis crustis. – III) erklären etc.: interpretari alqd (Auskunft geben über etwas, z. B. über das Recht, über. einen Traum; ersteres auch = so u. so auffassen, die u. die Bedeutung in etw. hineinlegen. aus einer Sache etw. abnehmen). – explanare (erklären). – coniecturā explanare alqd. coniecturam alcis rei facere (etwas mutmaßlich erklären, z. B. einen Traum, Wunder etc.). – enarrare. commentari (einen Schriftsteller, ein Gedicht erklären, ersteres mündlich, letzteres schriftlich). – accipere (aufnehmen, übel etc.). – vertere. convertere (wenden, drehen). – trahere ad od. in m. Akk. (gleichs. hinziehen nach der guten od. schlechten Seite). – detorquēre in mit Akk. (absichtlich übel deuten, verdrehen). – sich von jmd. etwas au. lassen, de alqa re alqo uti interprete. – gut au., in bonam partem accipere; bene oder benigne interpretari: etwas übel au., in malam partem accipere od. male interpretari alqd: gelinder, besser au., in mitiorem od. in meliorem partem accipere od. interpretari: schlimmer, in peiorem partem accipere od. deterius interpretari; in deterius trahere: boshaft, calumniari: jmdm. als Stolz au., alci tribuere superbiae; trahere in superbiam: als Fehler. vitio alci ducere od. dare od. tribuere: als Gewissenhaftigkeit, in religionem trahere: als Schuld, in culpam vertere; ad culpam trahere: als Schimpf, ad contumeliam accipere od. in contumeliam convertere: etwas anders au., als es gesagt, gemeint ist, aliter alqd, ac dictum erat, accipere: etw. bald so, bald anders au., alqd huc illuc trahere interpretatione.
-
14 beseelt
beseelt, I) eig., s. belebt. – II) uneig.: alacer ad alqd (aufgeregt, enthusiasmiert zu etw., [435] z. B. ad pugnandum, d. i. von Kampflust b.). – impletus alqā re (erfüllt mit etw., z. B. spe animoque, d. i. von Hoffnung u. Mut b.). – incensus alqā re (angefeuert, z. B. amore, officio).
-
15 kampffähig
kampffähig, ad pugnandum od. ad dimicandum firmus (v. Truppen); vgl. »waffenfähig«.
-
16 Kampflust
Kampflust, alacritas pugnandi. – studium pugnandi od. pugnae od. ad pugnandum (Kampfeifer); verb. alacritas studiumque pugnandi. – pugnandi od. pugnae cupiditas (Kampfbegierde). – aviditas dimicandi. pugnandi oder certaminis ardor (heftige Kampfbegierde). – alacritas ad litigandum (Streit-, Zanklust). – K. einflößen, s. kampflustig machen. – vor K. brennen, von (glühender) K. beseelt sein, pugnandi cupiditate ardere od. flagrare.
-
17 Kampfplatz
Kampfplatz, locus pugnae od. proelii. locus, ubipugnatur od. pugnatum est od. pugnandum est. – palaestra (zum Faustkampfe). – einen K. auswählen, locum ad pugnam deligere: auf den K. treten, descendere in certamen od. in dimicationem.
-
18 ălăcris
ălăcĕr (ălăcris), ălăcris, ălăcre [st2]1 [-] vif, prompt, leste, agile, prêt à, dispos, plein d'entrain, ardent (en parl. du corps et de l'esprit). [st2]2 [-] animé, agité, transporté. [st2]3 [-] joyeux, gai, allègre. - le masc. alacris est rare: Enn. Tr. 111; Ter. Eun. 304; Virg. En. 5, 380; 6, 685; alacer fém. dans Apul. M. 10, 31 [cf. Serv. En. 6, 685] -- pas de superlatif. - ad bella suscipienda Gallorum alacer ac promptus est animus, Caes. BG. 3, 39: les Gaulois sont ardents et prompts à entreprendre la guerre. - milites alacriores ad pugnandum, Caes. BG. 3, 24: soldats plus ardents à combattre. - quanto ejus amplius processerat temporis, tanto erant alacriores ad custodias, qui classibus praeerant, Caes. BC. 3, 25: plus il s'était écoulé de temps, plus les commandants des flottes avaient de l'entrain pour (placer) des sentinelles (= pour surveiller). - alacer gaudio, Phaedr.: transporté de joie. - Pausanias alacrior ad rem gerendam factus in suspicionem cecidit Lacedaemoniorum, Nep. Paus. 2: Pausanias, s'étant donné tout entier à l'entreprise, fut l'objet des soupçons des Lacédémoniens. -
19 animus
animus, ī, m. (griech. ἄνεμος, Wind, Hauch, vgl. altind. āniti, atmet, got. us-anan, ausatmen), I) die Seele, als Prinzip des geistigen Lebens, der Geist (Ggstz. corpus, der Körper, od. anima, die physische od. auch seelische Lebenskraft), animi corporisque vires, Liv.: unde anima atque animi constet natura, Lucr.: alci germanum esse pariter animo ac corpore, Ter.: credo deos immortales sparsisse animos in corpora humana, Cic.: difficile est animum perducere ad contemptionem animae, Sen. – seltener v. Tieren, animantia quaedam animum habent, quaedam tantum animam, Sen.: u. so bestiae, quarum animi sunt rationis expertes, Cic.II) die menschliche Seele als Inbegriff aller Seelenkräfte oder als Prinzip des Empfindens, Begehrens u. Denkens, der Geist, s. Cic. de div. 1, 61; Tusc. 2, 47. – bes. das Gemüt, Herz, d.i. das Empfindende, Begehrende (Ggstz. mens, d.i. das Denkende, der Verstand); vgl. Ochsner Cic. ecl. p. 113 f. – auch häufig (als pars pro toto) für homo od. st. des bl. pronom. pers., wenn von den Gefühlen jmds. die Rede ist, s. Kritz Sall. Iug. 39, 5. Zumpt § 678.Dah. A) die Seele als Gefühlsvermögen, 1) im allg.: a) übh., die Seele, das Herz, Gemüt, auch das Gefühl, die Empfindung (griech. θυμός), meus fac sis postremo animus, quando ego sum tuus, Ter.:————mala mens, malus animus, schlechter Sinn, schlechtes Herz, Ter.: animo aegra, seelenkrank = liebekrank, Enn. fr., wie animus aegrotus, Ter.: otiosus ab animo, sorgenlos, Ter.: uno animo, einmütig, Liv.: animo aequo, iniquo, s. aequus u. iniquus: animus alius ad alia vitia propensior, Cic.: (Aristides Thebanus) omnium primus animum pinxit et sensus hominis expressit, quae vocant Graeci ἤθη, legte zuerst Seele in seine Gemälde und drückte die menschlichen Gefühle aus, wofür die Griechen den Ausdruck ἤθη (Stimmungen u. Gefühle) haben, Plin. 35, 98. – u. Genet. animi auch fast pleonast. bei Adjj. u. Substst., die einen Gemütszustand bezeichnen, wie aeger animi, Liv.: dubius animi, Verg.: incertus animi, Ter., Sall. fr. u.a.: suspensi u. stupentes animi, Liv.: animi metus, Herzensangst, Cic.: u. so animi timor, Sall.: lubido animi sui, die Leidenschaftlichkeit, Sall.; vgl. Kritz Sall. Cat. 58, 2. – u. animo od. animi bei Verben des Empfindens, wie im Griech. θυμω, angere se animi, Plaut.: pendēre animi, Ter.: animo excrucior, Ter.: animo tremere, Cic.: animi u. animis pendēre, Cic.: animi victus, Claudian. 3, 170. Vgl. Wagner Plaut. aul. 145 u. Ter. heaut. – b) das Herz, Gemüt = die Gemütsart, Sinnesart, Denk- u. Handlungsweise, die Gesinnung, der Sinn, Charakter, die Grundsätze (vgl. Bremi Suet. Tib. 52), iracundus, Plaut.: magnus et excelsus, Cic.: altus, Cic.:————apertus et simplex (offen u. ohne Falsch), Cic.: belli ingens, domi modicus, hochfahrender, bescheidener Sinn, Sall.: u. animo ingenti, von heroischem Charakter, Sall.: fluxus, lockere Grundsätze, Sall.: esse angusti animi atque demissi, Cic.: pusilli animi est, zeugt von niedriger Sinnesart, Cic.: ebenso sordidus atque animi parvi, Hor. – poet. übtr. von der Natur, Art der Bäume, exuerint silvestrem animum, legen dir ab die wildernde Art, Verg. georg. 2, 51.2) im einzelnen, irgend eine Beschaffenheit, Stimmung, Bewegung des Gemüts, u. zwar: a) das Herz, das man für jmd. hat, die Stimmung, Gesinnung für od. gegen jmd., hoc animo in nos esse debetis, Cic.: bono od. alieno animo esse in alqm, Caes.: inimico animo esse, Caes.: qui quo animo inter nos simus, ignorant, Cic.: pro mutuo inter nos animo, Cic.: in animo principis, in der Gunst des Fürsten, s. Nipperd. Tac. ann. 15, 50. – dah. meton. in der Umgangsspr. als zärtliche Anrede an den Geliebten od. die Geliebte, mi anime od. anime mi, »mein Herz, liebe Seele«, Komik. (s. Lorenz Plaut. Pseud. 30 ff. Spengel Ter. Andr. 685): so auch animus meus, Fronto ep. ad M. Caes. 2, 13 p. 36, 20 N. – b) die höhere Stimmung, wie unser Herz = die Herzhaftigkeit, Energie, der Mut, das Selbstvertrauen, die Zuversicht (auch oft von einem im Plur. von der Fülle des Mutes, u. umgekehrt der Sing. von mehreren, s.————Kraner Caes. b.c. 2, 34, 6. Müller Liv. 1, 25, 3. Weißenb. Liv. 30, 28, 1), femina ingens animi, voll hohen Mutes, hochherzige, Tac.: fac animo magno fortique sis, Cic.: magnum animum ostendere, Cic.: animum addere, Mut machen, Ter.: reddere animum, animus mihi redit, Ter.: animum sumere (fassen), Vell.: animum od. animos tollere, s. tollo: animus alci accedit, Cic.: crevit extemplo Romanis animus, Liv.: neutris animus est ad pugnandum, Liv.: circum fusus exercitus animos ad non parendum addebat, machte Mut zum Nichtgehorchen, Liv.: animos ad spem certaminis od. ad temptandum de integro certamen facere, Liv. (vgl. Weißenb. Liv. 37, 37, 9): magnus mihi animus est m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., ich habe die Zuversicht, Tac. Agr. 30 in. – u. ebenso im Plur., animi iis accedunt, Cic.: cum hostium opes animique crevissent, Cic.: morte Africani crevere inimicorum animi, Liv. (vgl. Drak. Liv. 28, 19, 16): cum ipsa cunctatio et his animos minuisset et auxisset hosti, Liv.: ducibus plebis accendit magis certamine animos quam minuit, Liv.: animi cadunt (sinkt), Cic. – bono es animo, Ter., Varr. u. Apul., od. bono sis (fac sis) animo, Komik.: animum bonum habe, Plaut., Sall. u.a.: in re mala animo bono uti, gute Miene zum bösen Spiel machen, Plaut.: fac animo praesenti hoc dicas, herzhaft, Ter.: satis animi, Muts genug, Ov.: si ad haec parum est animi, wenn du dazu nicht Mut————genug hast, Liv.: cum Poeno recens victoria animo esset, Mut machte, Liv. – übtr., von der »Lebhaftigkeit, Lebendigkeit«, dem »Feuer« der Rede, et consilii et animi satis, Quint.: actio plena animi, Cic.: quae vis, qui animus, quae dignitas illi oratori defuit, Cic.: poet., von der Bewegung des Kreisels, dant animos plagae, Verg. Aen. 7, 383: der Gewässer, Stat. Theb. 3, 671; 5, 468: der Winde, Verg. Aen. 10, 357. – Dah. α) der hoffende Mut, magnus mihi animus est m. folg. Acc. u. Infin., ich habe die große Zuversicht, es werde usw., Tac. Agr. 30. – u. so β) (bes. im Plur.) der aus der Fülle des Mutes hervorgegangene hochstrebende Sinn, die Ansprüche, hochfahrenden Wünsche, das hochfahrende, anspruchsvolle Wesen, der Hochmut, Stolz, Übermut, Trotz (s. Fabri Liv. 22, 26, 1. Ruhnken Ter. Hec. 3, 5, 57), cui inerat contemptor animus et superbia, Sall.: ne super fortunam animum gereret; non omnia omnibus cupiunda, Sall. – Damarata uxor, filia Hieronis, inflata adhuc regiis animis ac muliebri spiritu, Liv.: haec natis habens sublimes animos, voll Stolz wegen der Kinder, Ov.: cum divitiae iam animos facerent, Liv.: ubi pecunia animos ad spem liberioris fortunae fecit, als das Geld die stolze Hoffnung sich höher zu schwingen einflößte, Liv.: remittant spiritus, comprimant animos suos, sedent arrogantiam, Cic.: iam нnsolentiam noratis hominis, noratis animos eius et————spiritus tribunicios, Cic.: pone animos, Verg. – c) die gereizte Stimmung, das heftige-, reizbare Wesen, die Heftigkeit, Hitze, der Zorn (gew. im Plur.), animum vincere, iracundiam cohibere, Cic.: vince animos iramque tuam, Ov.: alcis animos atque impetus (Ungestüm) retardare, Cic.: u. poet. vom Windgott Äolus, mollit animos et temperat iras, mildert seine Wildheit u. besänftigt den Zorn, Verg. Aen. 1, 57. – d) das Gelüsten des sinnl. Triebes, des Herzens Gelüsten, die Neigung, u. meton. die Lust, das Vergnügen, vincam animum meum, will mein Herz, d.i. mich selbst (meinen Widerwillen) besiegen, Plaut.: animo obsequi od. morem gerere, seine Lust befriedigen, Komik.: animum suum explere, seine Lust büßen, Ter.: exple iis animum, stelle sie zufrieden, Ter.: militum animis expletis, Liv.: amico quae dederis animo, dem lieben Ich, Hor. – bes. animi causā, des Gelüstens halber, d.i. »aus Lust, zum Vergnügen, zur Erholung, zum Spaß, aus Liebhaberei«, Plaut., Cic. u.a. (vgl. Görenz Cic. de fin. 2, 56): so auch animi gratiā, Plaut.: verb. animi voluptatisque causā, zur Lust u. zum Vergnügen, Caes.B) die Seele als Begehrungs-, Willensvermögen, das Herz = der Wille, Wunsch, die Neigung, das Verlangen, die Lust, das Vorhaben, der Vorsatz, die Absicht, Gesinnung (vgl. ex animi voluntate, Lucr.; u. pro animi mei voluntate, Cic.), istic animus————meus est, all mein Sinnen u. Denken, mein Dichten u. Trachten, Plaut.: quoniam nobis di immortales animum ostenderunt suum, ihren Willen, Plaut.: sin aliter animus vester est, Ter.: ad omnia et animo et consilio paratus, Cic.: cuneatim constiterunt hoc animo, ut etc., in der Absicht, daß usw., Caes.: u. so eo ad te animo venimus, ut etc., Cic. – m. folg. ad u. Akk., tuus animus (Lust) ad nuptias, Ter. Andr. 377. – m. folg. Genet. Gerund., parcendi victis filio animus et promptior et honestior, Iustin. 9, 8, 20: animum nubendi finitimis omittere, Iustin. 2, 4, 5: animum vincendi capere, Iustin. 7, 2, 10: occupandae reipublicae animum habere, Vell. 2, 4, 4. – habeo in animo m. Infin. = »ich habe im Sinne, bin willens, bin entschlossen, beabsichtige, habe Lust, es regt sich die Lust, es gelüstet mich«, Cic. Rosc. Am. 52; Verr. 4, 68; ep. 4, 12, 2. Caes. b.G. 6, 7, 5. Pomp. beim Auct. b. Hisp. 26, 7. Liv. 1, 48, 9; 44, 25, 1: ebenso in animum habeo, Liv. 33, 10, 4: u. dass. est (mihi) in animo, Cic. Rosc. Am. 91; Verr. 4, 137; ad Att. 6, 8, 2. Caes. b.G. 1, 7, 3; b.c. 1, 1, 4. Liv. praef. § 6; 1, 28, 7. Tac. Germ. 3: dass. est animus (mihi) m. folg. Infin., Curt. 9, 3 (12), 5. Suet. Caes. 82, 3. Verg. Aen. 4, 639. Ov. met. 5, 150: u. fert animus m. Infin., Suet. Oth. 6, 1. Ov. met. 1, 1 u.a. Dichter (s. Drak. Sil. 16, 294): u. avet animus m. Infin., Cic. Phil. 5, 13: u. inclinat animus (ich bin geneigt) m. folg. ut u.————Konj., Liv. 1, 24, 1; 7, 9, 5. – animum od. in animum induco, s. inducoinduco. – u. ex animo, »von Herzen« = »gern, freiwillig, ungezwungen«, u. dah. auch »im Ernst, ernstlich, aufrichtig« (Ggstz. simulate), oft b. Ter., Cic. u.a. – u. bono animo, in guter Absicht, Cic. de imp. Pomp. 56. Nep. Ages. 6, 2.C) die Seele als Denkvermögen, vernünftiges Prinzip, 1) im allg., der Geist im engern Sinne, die Gedanken (koordiniert der mens, dem »Verstand«, der »Vernunft«), omnium mentes animosque perturbare, aller Sinne u. Gedanken, Caes.: sic semper in animo habui (habe immer gedacht) te in meo aere esse, Cic. ep. 13, 62: sic in animo habeto, ut ne cupide emas, Cato r.r. 1, 1.2) insbes.: a) die Gedanken = das Bewußtsein, die Besinnung, mihi animus etiam nunc abest, Plaut.: animus alqm relinquit, Caes.: linqui animo, Curt.: linquente animo, Curt.: deficientibus animis, Liv.: animus rediit, Ov. – b) die Gedanken = das Gedächtnis, ex animo effluere (aus dem G. entschwinden), Cic.: u. so excidere ex animo, Cic., ex omnium animis, Liv.: memor in bene meritos animus, Cic.: omnia fert aetas, animum quoque, Verg.: haberet in animo amicum solā necessitudinis gloriā usurum, den Fr. im Gedächtnis behalten, auf den Fr. Bedacht nehmen, Tac. ann. 4, 39. – c) die Gedanken, meton. = das Urteil, die Überzeugung, ut animus meus est (Plaut.————truc. 775), u. gew. meo animo od. meo quidem animo, »meinen Gedanken nach« = »meines Erachtens od. Bedünkens, nach meiner Ansicht od. Überzeugung«, Plaut. u. Cic. – ⇒ Vulg. Abl. Sing. animu, Corp. inscr. Lat. 8, 2182 u. 2190. -
20 compono
com-pōno, posuī, positum, ere, zusammenlegen, - setzen, -stellen, I) im allg.: 1) vereinigend, a) zerstreute Ggstde. auf einem Punkte, α) lebl. Objj.: i intro et compone, quae tecum simul ferantur, Ter.: in quo (loco) erant ea composita, quibus rex te munerare constituerat, Cic. – m. in u. Akk., ligna in caminum, Cato: u. codicillos domino in acervum, Cato. – m. in u. Abl., tracta in qualo, Cato: uvas in (auf) tecto in (in) cratibus, Cato: corpus in membra divisum et in cista compositum, Iustin. – m. pro u. Abl., leges pro rostris, ICt. – β) leb. Objj., zusammenbringen, vereinigen, is (Saturnus) genus indocile ac dispersum montibus altis composuit, Verg.: et tabula una duos poterit componere amantes, Prop. – b) an sich getrennte Ggstde. neben-, aneinander od. ineinander fügend, seritur autem pronum et bina iuxta composita semina superque totidem, Plin. – m. Dat. od. m. cum u. Abl., latus lateri et cum pectore pectus, Lucil. fr.: virgineum latus Mercurio, betten zum M., Prop.: manibus manus atque oribus ora, Verg.2) gegenüberstellend: a) eig., als Gegner zusammenstellen, -bringen, -paaren, gegenüberstellen, gew. m. cum u. Abl. od. m. inter se od. (poet.) m. Dat., α) zum Kampfe, bes. Gladiatoren (vgl. Manuzzi Cic. ep. 2, 8 in. Scott Sen. contr. 3, 16. p. 612 sqq. Bünem. Lact. 3, 28, 7), Samnitem cum Pacideiano,————Lucil. fr.: Threcem cum Threce, Sen.: ut non compositum melius (par sit) cum Bitho Bacchius, Hor.: gladiatores sub eodem magistro eruditos inter se, Quint.: se c. alci u. componi alci, sich einem (zum Zweikampf) stellen, Sil.: gladiator compositus ad pugnandum, Gell. 6 (7), 3, 31. – u. im Bilde, si quis casus duos inter se bonos viros composuerit, Quint.: ecce par deo dignum, vir fortis cum mala fortuna compositus, im Kampfe mit einem bösen Geschick, Sen.: u. cum hac (mala fortuna) se compositos ad proeliandum putant, Lact.: cum Christianus adversum minas et tormenta et supplicia componitur, Min. Fel.: pergis pugnantia secum frontibus adversis componere, Hor.: cum artibus mariti, simulatione filii bene composita, den Künsten des G. usw. wohl gewachsen (v. einer Frau), Tac. – β) vor Gericht zum Verhör zusammenstellen, gegenüberstellen, konfrontieren, Epicharis cum indice composita, Tac.: ubi cognitum reo, seque et libertum pari sorte componi, Tac. – b) übtr., vergleichend zusammenstellen, gegenüberstellen, m. Dat., dignitati alcis suam, Cic.: parva magnis, Verg. u. Ov.: homines divis, Catull. – m. cum u. Abl., Metelli dicta cum factis, Sall.: causam cum causa, Quint.II) insbes.: 1) ein Ganzes aus einzelnen Teilen zusammensetzen, zusammenfügen, m. ex u. Abl., exercitus eius compositus ex variis gentibus, Sall.: genus humanum ex corpore et anima compositum est,————Sall. – So nun α) als mediz. t. t.: medicamenta, Cels.: emplastrum, Scrib.: venena, Ov. – m. ex u. Abl., narcissinum unguentum ex flore narcisso, Cels.: antidoton ex variis et inter se contrariis effectibus, Quint. – m. ad u. Akk., liquidum medicamentum ad idem (malum), Cels. – m. causā u. Genit., emplastrum calvariae causā, Cels. – β) v. Werkmeister, Erbauer usw., qui cuncta composuit (v. Weltschöpfer), Cic.: tu ita compone domum meam, ut etc., Vell.: c. urbem, Verg.: aggerem tumuli, Verg. – m. Dat. (wem?), templa deis, Ov. – m. Abl. (mit, aus), mensam gramine, Sil. – γ) v. Wortbildner, vitilitigatores ex vitiis et litigatoribus, Plin.: verba composita (Ggstz. verba simplicia), voces compositae, Quint. – δ) v. Schriftsteller, mündlich od. (gew.) schriftlich zusammensetzen, aufsetzen, verfassen, abfassen, entwerfen, librum, Cic.: libellos, Quint.: tristes libellos, Elegien, Prop.: artes rhetoricas, Cic.: commentarium consulatus sui, Cic.: interdictum, senatus consultum, Cic.: carmen, Hor. u. Suet.: poëma, Cic.: elegos, Hor.: versus, Quint.: orationem, Liv.: rationes familiares, Tac.: stipulationum formulas, Cic.: testimonium, Cic.: argumentum (ein Sujet), Cic. – m. Adv., alquid Latine, Suet.: exordium nimium apparate, Cornif. rhet. – c. bene, male, Quint. – m. Abl. (mit), blanditias tremulā voce, Tibull.: verba meditata manu trementi, Ov. – m. Abl. (wie), verba Aeschyleo cothurno, im äsch. K. (=————in ernstem Tone), Prop.: fortia virorum illustrium facta heroicis composita versibus, Amm. – m. Abl. caus., litteras nomine alcis, Liv. – m. de u. Abl., carmen de alqa re, Gell.: praecepta de liberorum educatione, Quint.: libellos de Helvidi ultione, Plin. ep.: volumen de tuenda sanitate, Cels.: artificium de iure belli, Cic.: aliquid de ratione dicendi, Quint. – m. ex u. Abl., liber ex alienis orationibus compositus, zusammengestoppelt, Cic. – m. ad od. in u. Akk., carmen ad lyram, Quint.: oratio ad conciliandos plebis animos composita, Liv.: verba ad religionem deorum composita, Cic.: carmina in hunc operis morem, Hor. – m. Dat. (wem?), Socrati reo orationem, Quint.: carmen, quale componi victoribus solet, ein Siegeslied, Quint. – m. Dat. (wofür? wozu?), c. carmen lyrae, Prop.: scaenae fabulas, Tac.: c. carmen celebrandae Metelli memoriae, Sen. – m. pro u. Abl. (für) u. in u. Akk. (gegen), libri, quos pro te et in illum composuisti, Plin. ep. 9, 1, 1.2) zusammenlegen = niederlegen, bei legen, a) eig.: α) niederlassend, beiseitelegend, hemmend beilegen, einziehen, sinken lassen, niederlassen, -senken, armamenta (Takelwerk, naut. t. t., Ggstz. tollere arm.), Liv.; verb. armamenta complicare et componere (wo compl. auf die Segel, comp. auf den Mast usw. sich bezieht), Plaut.: c. arma, Hor.: altero erecto, altero composito supercilio, Quint.: gradibus compo-————sitis, mit langsamen, bedächtigen Schr., Verg. – β) einsammelnd, aufbewahrend, αα) Schätze, Vorräte usw. einbringen, einlegen, einmachen, aufbewahren (vgl. Thiel Verg. Aen. 8, 317. p. 193), opes, Verg.: composito securus acervo, Tibull. – bes. als t. t. der Landw. (Ggstz. depromere), condo et compono, quae mox depromere possim (im Bilde), Hor.: tergora suis, Col.: herbas, Col.: ostreas, Apic. – m. in u. Abl. od. bl. Abl., cepam in fidelia, Col.: herbam ollā novā, Scrib. – ββ) die Asche u. Gebeine eines Verstorbenen in eine Urne sammeln u. beisetzen, bestatten (vgl. Broukh. Tibull. 3, 2, 26), cinerem, Ov.: ossa alcis, Prop.: cinerem ossaque, Val. Flacc.: u. eine Pers. (= deren Asche u. Gebeine), Pisonem, Tac.: omnes suos, Hor.: sic ego componi versus in ossa velim, Tibull.: compositus prope cineres cognatos, Catull.: iunctos nos arena componet, begraben, Petr. – γ) auf ein Lager setzend od. legend, niederlegen, niederstrecken, hinstrecken, hinbetten, aulaeis se superbis aureā spondā, Verg. Aen. 1, 697 sq. – bes.: αα) einen Ermüdeten zur Ruhe betten, se thalamis, Verg.: defessa membra, Verg. – quiete compositi (Ggstz. vigilantes), Quint.: bene compositus somno vinoque, Ov. – dah. im Bilde, se c. in villa, sich auf seiner Villa zur Ruhe setzen, Plin. ep.: diem clauso Olympo, betten, Verg. (vgl. Thiel Verg. Aen. 1, 374). – ββ) einen (mit Gewändern, Bändern u.————Kränzen geschmückten) Leichnam auf das Paradebett hinlegen (griech. περιστέλλω, vgl. Casaub. Pers. 3, 104), componi in lecto, Sen.: componi lecto, Pers., od. toro, Ov. – δ) beschwichtigend beilegen, sich legen machen, motos fluctus, Verg.: cum mare compositum est, Ov.b) übtr., was unruhig ist, zur Ruhe bringen, α) Zustände beilegen, beruhigen, beseitigen, schlichten, ausgleichen, beschwichtigen,controversias regum, Caes.: negotium (die Sache = den Prozeß), Suet.: discordias, Tac.: bellum, Sall.: seditionem, Liv. (versch. von unten no. 4, b, β). – controversias per colloquia, Caes.: plura moderatione magis quam vi, Tac.: contentiones sine ullo studio, Auct. b. Alex. – absol., coheredes mei componere et transigere cupiebant, Plin. ep. 5, 1, 7. – unpers., ut componeretur, daß der Streit beigelegt würde, daß eine friedliche Ausgleichung zustande käme, Cic. Rosc. Am. 136. Caes. b. c. 3, 16, 4. – β) ein Land, eine Völkerschaft, Versammlung zur Ruhe bringen, beruhigen, beschwichtigen (Ggstz. commovere), Armeniam, Tac.: rebelles barbarorum animos pace componi, Tac.: c. comitia praetorum, quod acriore ambitu exarserant, Tac.: u. oft compositi, zur Ruhe gebracht (v. Völkern usw.), Tac.; vgl. Walther Tac. ann. 12, 40. p. 108. – γ) ein aufgeregtes Gemüt, eine gemütlich aufgeregte Pers. beruhigen, beschwichtigen, animum, mentem,————Cels.: amicos aversos, versöhnen, Hor. Vgl. compositus no. 1.3) etw. in eine gewisse Lage, Richtung, Stellung, Ordnung bringen, a) eig., α) übh., bes. als mediz. t. t., ore stamina, Cael. Aur.: si (infans in utero) forte aliter compositus est, eine andere Lage hat, Cels.: ideoque ossa sic se habent, ut aliquis composuit, gelegt, eingerichtet hat, Cels. – β) in die richtige Lage, Stellung bringen, diductis aedificia angulis vidimus moveri iterumque componi, daß Gebäude, die ihre winkelrechte Stellung verloren haben, erschüttert werden und dadurch wieder in die rechte Lage kommen, Sen. nat. qu. 6, 30, 4: ad ictum militaris gladii compositā cervice, zurechtgelegten, Sen. ad Marc. 26, 2. – u. als mediz. t. t., c. iugulum, das Schlüsselbein einrichten, Cels. 8, 8. no. 1. – γ) in gehörige Ordnung, Reihenfolge legen, aufstellen, zurechtlegen, zurechtstellen, ordnen, sidera, Cic.: signa (Bildsäulen), Cic.: aridum lignum, aufschichten, Hor.: quis id lignum ita composuisset? Gell.: c. specula ita, ut corpora possint detorquere in pravum, Sen.: quid in operibus manu factis tam compositum (Regelmäßiges) tamque compactum et coagmentatum inveniri potest? Cic. – u. als milit. t. t. = συντάττειν, Truppen taktisch, in Reih u. Glied aufstellen, ordnen, c. subsidia, Sall. fr.: insidias, einen Hinterhalt legen (versch. v. unten no. 4, b, γ), Tac. u. Eutr.:————composito agmine incedere, Tac.: exceptus compositis hostium ordinibus, geordneten, geschlossenen, Tac. – m. in u. Abl. u.a. Praepp., in secunda (acie) cohortes festinas, Sall. fr.: legionem pro ripa, Tac.: insidias in montibus, Iustin.: exercitum in hibernaculis, konzentrieren, Sall.: sua quemque apud signa, Tac. – m. in u. Akk. od. m. bl. Abl., classiarios in numeros legionis, Tac.: aciem per cuneos, Tac.: numero compositi (equites) in turmas, Verg.: eques compositus per turmas, Tac.: Frisios, Batavos propriis cuneis, Tac.: compositi firmis ordinibus, Tac.: iam acie compositi, Tac.; vgl. compositus no. 2, a. – m. ad u. Akk. od. bl. Dat. (zu), agmen ad iter magis quam ad pugnam compositum, Liv.: agmen ad omnes casus, Liv.: c. exercitum viae pariter et pugnae, Tac.: c. se ad confligendum, Sisenna fr.b) übtr.: α) als rhet. t. t., die Worte gehörig stellen, ordnen, in gehöriger Ordnung aneinanderfügen, verba c. et quasi coagmentare, Cic.: c. et struere verba sic, ut etc., Cic.: quam lepide lexeis compostae, ut tesserulae, Lucil. fr.; vgl. compositus no. 2, b, α. – β) als publiz. t. t., was politisch in Unordnung, Verwirrung war, in Ordnung bringen, ordnen, regulieren, res, Liv.: res Germanicas, Suet.: Ardeae res seditione turbatas, Liv.: statum Orientis, Suet.4) in eine gewisse Form bringen, zurechtlegen, zurechtmachen, ordnen, bilden, a) eig.: capillum————satis commode, Plaut.: composito et delibuto capillo, Cic.: c. comas, Ov. u. Quint.: crines, Verg.: neta texenda, Hier. ep. 130, 15: caput reticulo, Lampr. Heliog. 11, 7. – togam, die Toga zusammennehmen, zurechtlegen, ihr den gehörigen Faltenwurf geben, Hor. u. Quint.: ebenso se, sowohl übh. das Gewand als insbes. die Toga zusammennehmen, dem Gewande, der Toga den gehörigen Faltenwurf geben, Ov. u. Plin. ep. – pulvinum facili manu, Ov.: torum bene, Ov. – vultum, die Miene zurechtlegen, bald = eine ernste Miene, eine Amtsmiene annehmen, Plin. ep. u. Suet., bald = eine ruhige Miene annehmen, erkünsteln, Fassung in den Mienen erkünsteln, Quint., Tac. u. Plin. ep.: per ipsum compositum et fictum vultum lacrimae profunduntur, Sen. – m. Ang. wie? durch die Wendungen in od. ad modum, ad imaginem alcis rei u. dgl., so u. so zurechtlegen, einrichten, bilden, formen, gestalten, linamentum in modum collyrii, Cels.: utramque manum ad modum aliquid portantium, Quint.: circuli compositi ad imaginem earum vertebrarum, quae in spina sunt, Cels.: eodem modo compositum aliquid ex arido penicillo (Schwamme), Cels. – m. in od. ad u. Akk., cubile in ambitionem compositum, zum Prunk eingerichtet, Sen.: c. vultum ad speculum in terrorem, den Ausdruck des Schreckens geben, Suet.: orationis vultum ad id, quod efficere tendimus, Quint.: veste servili in————dissimulationem sui compositus, durch Sklaventracht unkenntlich gemacht, Tac.b) übtr., in ein gewisses Verhältnis, in eine gewisse Verfassung bringen, α) übh. einrichten, gestalten, anlegen, anordnen, verordnen, entwerfen, ordnen, über etw. disponieren, itinera sic, ut etc., Cic.: sua rectius, Sall. fr.: quod adest, Hor.: compositā et constitutā re publicā, in einem geordneten u. festgefügten Staatswesen, Cic.: non emendata nec usque ad votum composita civitas, ein nach Wunsch geordneter St., Tac.: in consideranda componendaque causa totum diem ponere, Cic.: salvo iam et composito die, Plin. ep.: necdum compositis maturisve satis consiliis, Liv.: ex sententia omnibus rebus paratis compositisque, Sall.: in senatu cuncta longis aliorum principatibus composita decernuntur, was entworfen war, Tac. – m. ad od. in u. Akk. = zu etw. einrichten, für od. auf etw. berechnen, für etw. geeignet machen, auf etw. gefaßt machen, c. cultum victumque non ad nova exempla (nach der Mode), sed ut maiorum mores suadent, Sen.: auspicia ad utilitatem rei publicae composita, Cic.: c. omnia ad voluptatem multitudinis imperitae, Quint.: animum ad omnes casus, Quint.: cunctis ad tristitiam compositis, in allem der Ausdruck der Betrübnis, Tac.: c. animum vultumque ad abstinentiam, Plin. ep.: composita in magnificentiam oratio, eine in hochtrabenden Aus-————drücken abgefaßte Rede, Tac. – u. eine Person., oratorem ad haec omnia, Quint.: Vitellianos ad modestiam, bekehren, Tac.: se ad imitationem alcis od. veritatis, Quint.: se ad delicias memoriae suae, sich in die Launen seines Gedächtnisses fügen, Sen. rhet.: componi ad reverentiam, Hochachtung erheucheln, Tac.; vgl. compositus no. 3, b, β. – β) etw. mit einem andern entwerfen, verabreden, ab- od. ausmachen, über etw. übereinkommen, etw. festsetzen, bestimmen, im üblen Sinne = abkarten, bei Ang. mit wem? m. cum u. Abl. od. m. inter se, zB. rem c., Ter.: res c., res inter se c., Sall.: nocturnum hoc argumentum fingere et c., Liv.: c. fabulam Volsci belli, Liv.: iam ante adventum legatorum consilium, Liv.: societatem praedarum cum latronibus, Sall. fr.: crimen, Cic.: seditionem (versch. v. oben no. 2, b, α), Tac. hist. 4, 14: dolum, Sall.: diem rei gerendae, Liv.: locum beneficii tempusque, Tac. – m. folg. indir. Fragesatz, cum summa concordia, quos dimitterent, quos retinerent, composuerunt, Liv. 40, 40, 14. – m. folg. Infin., ii secretis colloquiis componunt Gallos concire, Tac. ann. 3, 40. – u. Pass. unpers., ut domi compositum cum Marcio erat, Liv. 2, 37, 1: u.m. folg. ut u. Konj., compositum erat inter ipsos, ut Latiaris strueret dolum, Tac. ann. 4, 68. – composito, Ter., Nep. u.a., u. ex composito, Sall. fr., Liv. u.a., u. de composito, Apul. apol. 1, nach Verabredung, verabredeterma-————ßen (s. Drak. Liv. 1, 9, 10. Mützell Curt. 7, 1, 5). – dah. prägn., c. alqm, jmd. (zu einer Übeltat) anstiften, alqm pretio, Sall. hist. fr. 1, 43 (46). – γ) etw. erkünsteln = ersinnen, aussinnen, anstiften, aushecken, erdichten, erheucheln, mendacia, Plaut.: crimen et dolum, Tac.: verba et fraudes, Prop.: insidias alci od. in alqm (versch. v. oben no. 3, a, γ), Tibull. u. Prop.: risum mendaci ore, Tibull.: rumorem, Tac. – δ) einen friedlichen Zustand zuwege bringen, ins reine bringen, stiften, pacem, Liv., Prop. u.a.: pacem his condicionibus, Liv.: pacem circa Brundusium, Vell.: pacem cum Philippo, Liv., cum Pyrrho, Iustin.: gratiam inter eas, Ter. – ⇒ Parag. Infin. componier, Catull. 68, 141. – Ungew. Perf. Act. composivere, Tac. ann. 4, 32: composeiverunt, Corp. inscr. Lat. 5, 7749, 2. – Partic. Perf. synkop. compostus, Lucil. fr. inc. 33 (bei Cic. de or. 3, 171). Varr. Atac. bei Sen. contr. 7, 2 (16). § 28 u. bei Sen. ep. 56, 6. Verg. Aen. 1, 249.
- 1
- 2
См. также в других словарях:
Dolo pugnandum est, dum quis par non est armis. — См. Где волчий рот, а где лисий хвост … Большой толково-фразеологический словарь Михельсона (оригинальная орфография)
Cum principe non pugnandum. — См. С сильным не борись, а с богатым не тяжись … Большой толково-фразеологический словарь Михельсона (оригинальная орфография)
maihemium est membri mutilatio, et dici poterit, ubi aliquis in aliqua parte sui corporis effectus sit inutilis ad pugnandum — /meyhiym(i)yam est membray myiiwdaleysh(iy)ow, et daysay potarat, yiiwbay aebkwis in aslakwa partly syuway korparas afektas sit inyuwtabs aed pagnaendam/ Mayhem is the mutilation of a member, and can be said to take place when a man is injured in … Black's law dictionary
maihemium est membri mutilatio, et dici poterit, ubi aliquis in aliqua parte sui corporis effectus sit inutilis ad pugnandum — /meyhiym(i)yam est membray myiiwdaleysh(iy)ow, et daysay potarat, yiiwbay aebkwis in aslakwa partly syuway korparas afektas sit inyuwtabs aed pagnaendam/ Mayhem is the mutilation of a member, and can be said to take place when a man is injured in … Black's law dictionary
Maihemium est membri mutilatio, et dici poterit ubi aliquis in aliqua parte sui corporis effectus sit inutilis ad pugnandum — Mayhem is the mutilation of a member of the body, and may be said to take place when anyone is so injured in any part of his body as to be rendered useless for fighting … Ballentine's law dictionary
где волчий рот, а где лисий хвост — Ср. Один волчий зуб без всякого хвоста (лисьего)! Таков, сударь, моей натуры чин и склад. Данилевский. Мирович. (Ломоносов.) Ср. Вы, батенька, как я слышал, ох, какой тонкий человек; как говорят: лисий хвост, да волчий рот... Писемский.… … Большой толково-фразеологический словарь Михельсона
с сильным не борись, а с богатым не тяжись — Коза с волком тягалась, рога да копыта остались. Кобылка с волком тягалась, только хвост да грива у ней осталась. Мышке с кошкой все наклад играть. Ср. Как же, обидишь? Разбил мне летось морду, так и осталось. С богатым не судись, видно. Гр. Л.Н … Большой толково-фразеологический словарь Михельсона
Где волчий рот, а где лисий хвост — Гдѣ волчій ротъ, а гдѣ лисій хвостъ. Ср. Одинъ волчій зубъ безъ всякаго хвоста (лисьяго)! Таковъ, сударь, моей натуры чинъ и складъ. Данилевскій. Мировичъ. (Ломоносовъ.) Ср. Вы, батенька, какъ я слышалъ, охъ, какой тонкій человѣкъ; какъ говорятъ … Большой толково-фразеологический словарь Михельсона (оригинальная орфография)
С сильным не борись, а с богатым не тяжись — Съ сильнымъ не борись, а съ богатымъ не тяжись. Коза съ волкомъ тягалась, рога да копыта остались. Кобылка съ волкомъ тягалась, только хвостъ да грива у ней осталась. Мышкѣ съ кошкой все накладъ играть. Ср. Какъ же, обидишь? Разбилъ мнѣ лѣто сь… … Большой толково-фразеологический словарь Михельсона (оригинальная орфография)
APIS — I. APIS Argivorum Rex II. Iovis fil. ex Niobe Phoronei filia, alio nomine Osiris appellatus, Isidem uxorem duxit; Achaiae regnô Aegialeo fratri concessô in Aegyptum traiecit: ubi cum homines rudes ad mitiotem vitae cultum traduxisset,… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
ARENARIUS — qui in arenam ad pugnandum descendit, Glos. in Canon. si testes 4. quaest. 2. et 3. §. si res exigit. Ab arena, quae proprie gladiatorum; ut campus, militum, erat. Vegetius de re milit. l. 1. c. 11. nec unquam aut arena aut campus invictum armis… … Hofmann J. Lexicon universale
